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Integrated mRNA and miRNA expression profile analyses reveal the potential roles of miRNA–mRNA pairs in skin color variation between wild-type and yellow mutant rainbow trout

ABSTRACT: As an important cold-water economic fish species, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exhibits several intra-specific variation in skin pigmentation that can give rise to distinctive phenotypes, and wild-type rainbow trout with black skin (WR) and yellow mutant rainbow trout with yellow skin (YR) are the major two types in the farms, whose distinct skin colors make them suitable model for elucidating the skin pigmentation process. Skin color as a key indicator for selection in rainbow trout farming as well as has a strong visual impact on the consumer when rainbow trout are marketed. Previously, extensive studies have been conducted on skin color in rainbow trout, including the observation of skin spots and the expression analysis of some important pigment genes. However, up to date, no studies have systematically examined the molecular regulation mechanism of skin color difference between WR and YR through a high throughput method. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the molecular regulation mechanism of skin color difference between these two strains at the mRNA and miRNA transcriptome level, and candidate genes, miRNAs and miRNA-mRNA pairs that may be responsible for rainbow trout albinism were obtained.

ORGANISM(S): Oncorhynchus mykiss

PROVIDER: GSE171856 | GEO | 2021/04/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Purpose: The goal of this study is to identify the difference of immunity between wild-type and yellow mutant rainbow trout in natural flowing water pond culture environment. Methods: The transcriptomic profiles of the skin were generated by using the Hiseq™4000 sequencing platform. Results: A total of 557,976,332 clean reads were yielded from six libraries and then assembled into 38,226 genes. Using P-value of 0.05 as the threshold, 3373 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained between WR_S and YR_S rainbow trout skin including the members of HSP90, V-ATPases, GST, SUGT1, NLRP3, NOD1, TLR3, IFR3, DHX58, IFIH1, JAK1, JAK2, STAT1 and NAMPT (|log2 fold-change| ranged from 1 to 4). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of DEGs were performed. A majority of DEGs were enriched in innate immune-related GO terms and pathways, such as activation of innate immune response, inflammatory response, innate immune response, NAD+ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and NAD biosynthetic process in sub-categories of GO terms, and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Phagosome, Jak-STAT signaling pathway in KEGG enrichment pathways. Meanwhile, several immune-related metabolic pathways were also identified including metabolism of Xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, Glutathione metabolism, Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Additionally, 15 DEGs were selected and validated their expression level by qRT-PCR to confirm accuracy of the RNA-seq. Conclusions: Our study is the first time to clarify the skin innate immunity difference between wild-type and yellow mutant rainbow trout in the natural flowing water pond culture environment. Our results show that the expression of most immune-related genes in the corresponding pathways were up-regulated in WR_S rainbow trout. We presumed that the disease resistance of WR_S rainbow trout might be stronger than YR_S rainbow trout.

Project description:Ma-Huang chicken as a high-quality broiler is one of the most popular chickens in the frozen chicken market. However, some chicken may instead have white or lighter skin, which directly causes economic losses every year. To obtain better insight into the molecular mechanisms associated with the process of pigmentation of yellow-skinned broilers reared under intensive conditions, a total of six-hundred Ma-Huang chickens was randomly selected in a single slaughterhouse, the color measurements were carried out on both cloaca(alive) and five different part after slaughtering adopting the L* a* b* system and using a 3nh-NH310 colorimeter, color values from areas of the chicken skin pear each image automatically retrieved by MATLAB, production and slaughtering traits were also measured, comparative transcriptomic analysis of high yellowness(s_deep) versus low yellowness(s_light) skin was performed using the Illumina Hiseq 4000. Average values of the cloaca(alive), cloaca (hair removal), thigh, shank and abdominal fat were 8.98, 7.66, 2.62, 7.29 and 12.86, respectively. The better production and slaughtering traits were observed in higher skin yellowness chicken. Yellowness values of the cloaca(alive) and after slaughtering were significantly correlated (p < 0.05), suggesting that the color of after slaughtering evaluation may be carried out on cloaca(alive). A total of 19061 unigenes were assembled from the reads obtained from the skin of two groups, 882 unigenes were differentially expressed between s_deep and s_light (Fold change ≥ 2, Adjusted P <= 0.001), 612 that up-regulated and 270 that down-regulated genes in s_deep skin, as compared with s_light skin. Twelve promising candidate genes may play an important role in the pigmentation of chicken skin, i.e. GPR143, PMEL, TYR, CYP11A1, TECRL, ACACB, TLR2B, ALDH1A3, FHL2, TECRL, DUOX2, SMOC1 were included. Furthermore, some important functional pathways were revealed, such as the biological process, cellular component and molecular function, which appear to be much activity in skin pigmentation. Our data provide a valuable resource for identifying genes whose functions are critical to skin pigmentation, facilitate understanding the molecular mechanisms of the skin color variation on yellow-skinned broiler chickens under commercial conditions, accelerate the molecular selection of the specific strain on consistent skin colors which allow reduction in pigment use to achieve the skin acceptance by the consumer.

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Integrated mRNA and miRNA expression profile analyses reveal the potential roles of miRNA–mRNA pairs in skin color variation between wild-type and yellow mutant rainbow trout

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