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Epiphyseal cartilage

ABSTRACT: Chondrocytes from extra fingers exhibited a high proliferative capacity: the cells reached to population doublings (PD) 30-35 within 4 weeks before replicative senescence. The propagated cells formed hyaline cartilage at 2 weeks after subcutaneous implantation of NOD/Scid/IL-2 receptor gamma knock out (NOG) mice, and the generated cartilage showed enchondral ossification at 8 to 12 weeks. The cartilage formation with osteogenesis depends on the number of cell division in vitro. Keywords: NCCH BioResource

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE17368 | GEO | 2011/03/22

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA119095

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Epiphyseal cartilage

Project description:Chondrocytes from extra fingers exhibited a high proliferative capacity: the cells reached to population doublings (PD) 30-35 within 4 weeks before replicative senescence. The propagated cells formed hyaline cartilage at 2 weeks after subcutaneous implantation of NOD/Scid/IL-2 receptor gamma knock out (NOG) mice, and the generated cartilage showed enchondral ossification at 8 to 12 weeks. The cartilage formation with osteogenesis depends on the number of cell division in vitro. Keywords: NCCH BioResource Affymetrix human U133 plus 2.0 array was used to transcriptionally profile to determine the expression changes in epiphyseal cartilage.

2011-03-22 | E-GEOD-17368 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Self-organized emergence of hyaline cartilage in hiPSC-derived multi-tissue organoids

Project description:Here, we developed a simple xeno- and feeder-free protocol for human hyaline cartilage production in vitro using hydrogel-cultured multi-tissue organoids (MTO). We investigate gene regulatory networks during spontaneous hiPSC-MTO differentiation using RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. We find the interplays between BMPs and neural FGF pathways are associated with MTO phenotype transition. We recognize TGF-beta/BMP and Wnt signaling likely contribute to the long-term maintenance of cartilage growth and specific increase in articular cartilage development. By comparing MTO cartilage transcription signature with human lower limb chondrocytes, we observe MTO chondrocytes show strong correlation with fetal lower limb cartilage tissues. Collectively, our findings describe self-organized emergence of MTO hyaline cartilage, its associated molecular pathways, and spontaneous adoption of articular cartilage development trajectories by MTO.

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Pre-transplantational control of the post-transplantational fate of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cartilage

Project description:Cartilage pellets generated from ectomesenchymal progeny of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro eventually show signs of commitment of chondrocytes to hypertrophic differentiation. When transplanted subcutaneously, most of the surviving pellets were fully mineralized by 8 weeks. In contrast, treatment with the adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, in vitro resulted in slightly enlarged cartilage pellets containing an increased proportion of proliferating immature chondrocytes that expressed very low levels of hypertrophic/terminally matured chondrocyte-specific genes. Forskolin treatment also enhanced hyaline cartilage formation by reducing type I collagen gene expression and increasing sulfated glycosaminoglycan accumulation in the developed cartilage. Furthermore, forskolin treatment in vitro increased the frequency at which the cartilage pellets maintained unmineralized chondrocytes after subcutaneous transplantation. To elucidate the type of cartilage that forskolin preferentially promotes and potential molecular mechanisms involved in the forskolin-suppression of chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation in vitro, we performed genome-wide, comparative transcriptomic analyses on the cartilage pellets formed from 3 to 4 independent pellet cultures of ectomesenchymal cells with or without forskolin treatment. RNAs were isolated on day 26-28 and mRNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses were performed.

2020-06-01 | GSE116173 | GEO

Articular cartilage proteome differentiates by zones during osteoarthritis

Project description:Articular cartilage is deprived of blood vessels and nerves, and the only cells residing in this tissue are chondrocytes. The molecular properties of the articular cartilage and the architecture of the extracellular matrix demonstrate a complex structure that differentiates on the depth of tissue. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, affecting the whole joint. It is associated with ageing and affects the joints that have been continually stressed throughout life including the knees, hips, fingers, and lower spine region. OA is a multifactorial condition of joint characterised by articular cartilage loss, subchondral bone sclerosis, and inflammation leading to progressive joint degradation, structural alterations, loss of mobility and pain. Articular cartilage biology is well studied with a focus on musculoskeletal diseases and cartilage development. However, there are relatively few studies focusing on zonal changes in the cartilage during osteoarthritis.

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Expression and alternative splicing data of cartilage endplate-derived stem cells (CESCs) under hypoxia or normoxia

Project description:Cartilage endplate-derived stem cells (CESCs) with chondro-osteogenic differentiation capacity may be responsible for the balance of chondrification and ossification in cartilage endplate (CEP). CEP is an avascular and hypoxic tissue, and hypoxia could influence the fate of CESCs. We used high-throughput scanning to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and alternatively spliced genes (ASGs) of CESCs under hypoxia compared to those under normoxia. Human cartilage endplate-derived stem cells (CESCs) were cultured under normoxia and hypoxia for 21 days respectively.

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Expression data of osteogenic differentiated cartilage endplate-derived stem cells (CESCs) under hypoxia or normoxia

Project description:Cartilage endplate-derived stem cells (CESCs) with chondro-osteogenic differentiation capacity may be responsible for the balance of chondrification and ossification in cartilage endplate (CEP). CEP is an avascular and hypoxic tissue, and hypoxia could inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of CESCs. We used high-throughput scanning to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and alternatively spliced genes (ASGs) during osteogenic differentiation of CESCs under hypoxia compared to those induced under normoxia. Human cartilage endplate-derived stem cells (CESCs) were treated with osteogenic differentiation medium under normoxia and hypoxia for 21 days respectively.

2016-06-14 | E-GEOD-83284 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression profiling of articular cartilage reveals functional pathways and networks of candidate genes for osteochondrosis in pigs

Project description:Osteochondrosis disorder is characterized by a failure of endochondral ossification of the articular-epiphyseal cartilage and the physeal growth cartilage. The number and identity of relevant genes are unknown. Simultaneously, 24,123 probe-sets were screened, of which 12,292 had present in at least 50% of the samples of either affected or non-affected and were used for further analysed of differential expression. Total RNAs of articular cartilage tissues from affected and non-affected sib-pairs animals were hybridized to Affymetrix Porcine Genome Arrays.

2013-10-21 | E-GEOD-44991 | biostudies-arrayexpress

DDX5 inhibits hyaline cartilage fibrosis and degradation in osteoarthritis via alternative splicing and G-quadruplex unwinding

Project description:Hyaline cartilage fibrosis is one of the important reasons for the poor prognosis of advanced osteoarthritis (OA), and is the main factor leading to joint stiffness and deformity. However, the mechanism of hyaline cartilage fibrosis remains largely unclear. Here we found that DDX5, one of the founding members of the DEAD-box RNA helicase family, was dramatically downregulated in the degenerated articular cartilage of aged mice, destabilization of the medial meniscus murine model as well as patients with OA. Our data suggest that strategies aimed at upregulation of DDX5 will be of great value for the treatment of cartilage fibrosis and damage in OA.

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Profile of growth factors in calf costochondral junction – the site of initial bone formation

Project description:Endochondral bone formation is orchestrated by growth factors produced by chondrocytes and deposited in cartilage matrix. Some of these factors were identified, but their complete list and relationship remains unknown. In this work the growth factors were isolated from calcified cartilage of costochondral junctions. The isolation involved hyaluronidase digestion, guanidinium hydrochloride (GuHCl) extraction, HCl decalcification and GuHCl extraction of decalcified matrix. Growth factors were purified by heparin chromatography and estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or used for protein sequence analysis. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), Growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5), and NEL-like protein 1 (NELL-1) quantitatively dominated in material obtained in all steps of isolation. During ossification perivascular cells and septoclasts enter the cartilage and release growth factors stimulating osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclasts dissolve calcified cartilage and transport released factors needed for stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells. Presence of BMP-7, GDF-5 and NELL-1 at the site of initial bone formation may suggest that their synergistic action favors osteogenesis.

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