Ac4C-seq of cellular and KSHV transcripts in iSLK-Puro, iSLK-KSHV (i.e. iSLK-RGB), iSLK-KSHV (WT), iSLK-KSHV (ΔNAT10) cells
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ABSTRACT: We used ac4C-seq to detedc cellular and KSHV transcripts in iSLK-Puro, iSLK-KSHV, iSLK-KSHV (WT), iSLK-KSHV (ΔNAT10) cells after after doxycycline and sodium butyrate treatment.
ORGANISM(S): Human gammaherpesvirus 8 Homo sapiens
Project description:Expression profiling of stably infected epithelial cells using a custom tiling microarray. iSLK was infected with rKSHV.219 and selected with puromycin. Mock infected iSLK served as control for iSLK.219. Lytic reactivation of iSLK.219 was induced with 1 ug/mL doxycycline for 48 hours.
Project description:The goal of this analysis was to examine the cell-to-cell variation in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) reactivation and type I interferon response after caspase inhibitor treatment. We profiled the levels of host and viral mRNAs at a single-cell level using the iSLK.219 tissue culture model system (Myoung and Ganem, 2011). We examined gene expression in lytically reactivating cells, lytically reactivating cells treated with caspase inhibitors, and lytically reactivating cells treated with casapse inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies against interferons. (we previously described that caspase inhibitors elicit an interferion response in KSHV-infected cells, Tabtieng et al., 2018). We also examined gene expression in a mixture of latently infected cells and uninfected cells as a control.
Project description:Whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA sequencing [RNA-seq]) was performed in the viral producer cell lines iSLK-RGB BAC16,iSLK-RGB-K9 mutant and iSLK-RGB-K13 mutant cells to uncover the global landscape of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in KSHV replication mediated by vIRF1 or vFLIP.
Project description:iSLK.219 cells at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours post KSHV reactivation. Nucleosome occupancy plays a key role in regulating access to the eukaryotic genomes. Although various chromatin regulatory complexes are known to regulate nucleosome occupancy, the role of DNA sequence in this regulation remains unclear, particularly in mammals. To address this problem, we measured nucleosome distribution at high temporal resolution in human cells at hundreds of genes during the reactivation of KaposiM-bM-^@M-^Ys sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). We show that nucleosome redistribution peaks at 24 hours post KSHV reactivation and that the nucleosomal redistributions are widespread and transient. To clarify the role of DNA sequence in these nucleosomal redistributions, we compared the genes with altered nucleosome distribution to a sequence-based computer model and in vitro assembled nucleosomes. We demonstrate that both the predicted model and the assembled nucleosome distributions are concordant with the majority of nucleosome redistributions at 24 hours post KSHV reactivation. We suggest a model in which loci are held in unfavorable chromatin architecture and M-bM-^@M-^\springM-bM-^@M-^] to a transient intermediate state directed by DNA sequence information. We propose that DNA sequence plays a more considerable role in the regulation of nucleosome positions than was previously appreciated. The surprising findings that nucleosome redistributions are widespread, transient, and DNA-directed shift the current perspective regarding regulation of nucleosome distribution in humans. iSLK.219 cells at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours post KSHV reactivation.
Project description:N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), a conserved but recently rediscovered RNA modification on tRNAs, rRNAs and mRNAs, is catalyzed by N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10). Lysine acylation is a ubiquitous protein modification that controls protein functions. Our latest study demonstrates a NAT10-dependent ac4C modification, which occurs on the polyadenylated nuclear RNA (PAN) encoded by oncogenic DNA virus Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), can induce KSHV reactivation from latency and activate inflammasome. However, it remains unclear whether a novel lysine acylation occurs in NAT10 during KSHV reactivation and how this acylation of NAT10 regulates tRNAs ac4C modification. Here, we showed that NAT10 was lactylated by α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1), as a writer at the critical domain, to exert RNA acetyltransferase function and thus increase the ac4C level of tRNASer-CGA-1-1. Mutagenesis at the ac4C site in tRNASer-CGA-1-1 inhibited its ac4C modifications, translation efficiency of viral lytic genes, and virion production. Mechanistically, KSHV PAN orchestrated NAT10 and ATAT1 to enhance NAT10 lactylation, resulting in tRNASer-CGA-1-1 ac4C modification, eventually boosting KSHV reactivation. Our findings reveal a novel post-translational modification in NAT10, as well as expand the understanding about tRNA-related ac4C modification during KSHV replication, which may be exploited to design therapeutic strategies for KSHV-related diseases.
Project description:N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), a conserved but recently rediscovered RNA modification on tRNAs, rRNAs and mRNAs, is catalyzed by N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10). Lysine acylation is a ubiquitous protein modification that controls protein functions. Our latest study demonstrates a NAT10-dependent ac4C modification, which occurs on the polyadenylated nuclear RNA (PAN) encoded by oncogenic DNA virus Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), can induce KSHV reactivation from latency and activate inflammasome. However, it remains unclear whether a novel lysine acylation occurs in NAT10 during KSHV reactivation and how this acylation of NAT10 regulates tRNAs ac4C modification. Here, we showed that NAT10 was lactylated by α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1), as a writer at the critical domain, to exert RNA acetyltransferase function and thus increase the ac4C level of tRNASer-CGA-1-1. Mutagenesis at the ac4C site in tRNASer-CGA-1-1 inhibited its ac4C modifications, translation efficiency of viral lytic genes, and virion production. Mechanistically, KSHV PAN orchestrated NAT10 and ATAT1 to enhance NAT10 lactylation, resulting in tRNASer-CGA-1-1 ac4C modification, eventually boosting KSHV reactivation. Our findings reveal a novel post-translational modification in NAT10, as well as expand the understanding about tRNA-related ac4C modification during KSHV replication, which may be exploited to design therapeutic strategies for KSHV-related diseases.
Project description:Beta- and gamma-herpesviruses transcribe their late genes in a manner distinct from host transcription. This process is directed by a complex of viral transcriptional activator proteins that hijack cellular RNA polymerase II, and an unknown set of additional factors. We employed proximity labeling to identify the ensemble of viral and cellular proteins dynamically associated with the KSHV late gene transcriptional complex late during infection.