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Integrative analysis of the salt stress response in cyanobacteria

ABSTRACT: In many habitats, microorganisms are exposed to high or fluctuating salinities and evolved specific acclimation strategies to thrive in those environments. Euryhaline microorganisms can grow in a broad range of salinities, from low ionic strength like freshwater up to twofold seawater salinities. Here, we analyzed the salt acclimation process of the euryhaline model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in a multi-omics approach by combining transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses. The Overall, the comparison of salt-induced proteome and transcriptome changes revealed a good correleation between the proteome and transcriptome that as most the majority of stably up-regulated proteins also showed elevated mRNA transcript levels. However, a dynamic reorganization of the transcriptome occurred during the first hours after salt shock, which probably also involves the action of small regulatory RNAs acting at the post-transcriptional level. In addition to the rapid and stable steady upregulation of compatible solute biochemistry, a dynamic reorganization of the transcriptome occurred during the first hours after salt shock, which probably involves the action of small regulatory RNAs. Moreover, the coordinated induction of several stress proteins known to be involved in iron and oxidative stress responses as well as of mechano-sensitive channels was observed. Based on these data, an extended salt stimulon can be defined comprising many proteins directly or indirectly related to compatible solute metabolism, ion and water movements as well as a defined set of small regulatory RNAs. Moreover, the massive accumulation of the compatible solute glucosylglycerol had large impact on the overall carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Our comprehensive data set provides the basis for future attempts to engineer cyanobacterial salt tolerance and to search for processes regulating this important environmental acclimation process.

ORGANISM(S): Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

PROVIDER: GSE174316 | GEO | 2022/01/07

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Introduction: A major economic impediment to the aquaculture of marine finfish in land-based recirculating systems is maintaining the system salinity at a range for optimal growth. Florida Pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) are warm water, euryhaline, marine finfish shown to be a suitable candidate for low-salinity culture. Due to its popularity among sport and commercial fishers, high market value, and ability to readily consume pelleted feeds, the Florida Pompano has become a renewed target for commercialized aquaculture. Although the Florida Pompano has been successfully grown at various salinities, its optimal growth salinity has not yet been established. Studies have shown culturing at different salinities has an effect on digestion rates, feed utilization, and lipid biosynthesis. Identifying the optimal salinity for growth would result in decreased energy expenditure on maintaining homeostasis, since osmoregulation is a highly demanding process. This would allow for energy to be spent on the efficient use of nutrients. Methods: Our study was designed to determine how Florida Pompano larviculture at various salinities affects fish health with transcriptomics (RNA-seq) and fatty acid analysis. RNA-seq was used to identify genes actively transcribed and expressed at the time of sampling. After hatching in a salinity of ~ 30 ppt, larvae were reared in 345 L tanks at one of three salinities (10, 20, 30 ppt) in triplicate. Larvae samples for RNA-seq and fatty acid analysis were collected every three days until weaning. Samples for fatty acid composition were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). RNA was extracted from homogenized whole-body samples using the Qiagen RNeasy Mini kit. Total RNA was sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 4000 System. Raw sequences were filtered for low-quality sequences, aligned to the S. dumerili reference genome (NCBI Genome: 12614), and quantified. Each sampling day was compared across salinities to establish the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between salinities. Results & Discussion: The numbers of DEGS in pooled samples was minimal (less than 15 total in each comparison) and the number of DEGS at each dph was variable. There were no significant differences between pooled samples or at each dph according to PERMANOVA analysis, but each dph was statistically different on pairwise analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that there was a downregulation of immune related genes in lower salinities versus higher salinities suggesting larvae may be dealing with less stress at lower salinities. Most osmoregulation, fatty acid, and immune related genes tested were not significantly different across salinities. This is likely be cause the Florida pompano is euryhaline and has a tolerance to the salinities selected. There was an increase in the expression levels of several immune related genes that may indicate an increase exposure to pathogens at later days post hatch likely related to feeding schedule. There was also an increase in fatty acid biosynthesis genes that corresponded with levels of fatty acids indicating a possible synthesis of essential fatty acids from precursors. Conclusions: From a transcriptomics perspective, the larvae did not show a negative response to lower salinities in comparison to higher salinities, which in fact showed upregulation of immune related genes. Further exploration of Florida pompano’s ability to biosynthesize essential fatty acids is necessary. This study will help enable the optimization of Florida Pompano larviculture using information on the optimal salinity and fatty acid content for growth and facilitate more cost-effective rearing methods.

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Integrative analysis of the salt stress response in cyanobacteria

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