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PRC1 Sustains the Memory of Neuronal Fate Independent of PRC2 Function

ABSTRACT: Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) 1 and 2 maintain stable cellular memories of early developmental patterning programs by establishing heritable patterns of gene repression. PRCs repress transcription through histone modifications and chromatin compaction, but their roles in neuronal subtype diversification are poorly defined. We unexpectedly found that PRC2 is dispensable to preserve the Hox transcription factor-dependent positional identity of spinal motor neurons (MNs), while PRC1 is essential for the specification of segmentally-restricted subtypes. Mutation of the core PRC1 component Ring1 leads to increased chromatin accessibility and ectopic expression of a broad variety of fates determinants, including Hox genes, while general features of MNs are maintained. Loss of MN subtype-specific fates in Ring1 mutants is due to the suppression of Hox networks by derepressed caudal Hox genes. These results indicate that PRC1 can function independently of de novo PRC2-dependent methylation to maintain chromatin topology and transcriptional identity at the time of differentiation.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE175503 | GEO | 2022/01/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Two distinct Polycomb complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, collaborate to maintain epigenetic repression of key developmental loci in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). PRC1 and PRC2 have histone modifying activities, catalyzing mono-ubiquitination of histone H2A (H2AK119u1) and trimethylation of H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) respectively. Compared to H3K27me3, localization and role of H2AK119ub1 is not fully understood in ESCs. Here we present genome-wide H2AK119u1 maps in ESCs and identify a group of genes at which H2AK119u1 is deposited in a Ring1-dependent manner. These genes are a distinctive subset of genes with H3K27me3 enrichment and are the central targets of Polycomb silencing that are required to maintain ESC identity. We further show that the H2A ubiquitination activity of PRC1 is dispensable for its target binding and its activity to compact chromatin at Hox loci, but is indispensable for efficient repression of target genes and thereby ESC maintenance. These data demonstrate that multiple effector mechanisms including H2A ubiquitination and chromatin compaction combine to mediate PRC1-dependent repression of genes that are crucial for the maintenance of ESC identity. Utilization of these diverse effector mechanisms might provide a means to maintain a repressive state that is robust yet highly responsive to developmental cues during ES cell self-renewal and differentiation. This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE38224: Expression data from Ring1A(-/-);Ring1B(fl/fl);R26::CreERT2 ES cells expressing either of mock, WT or mutant Ring1B construct before or after OHT treatment GSE38504: ChIP-on-chip analysis of Ring1B, Ring1A, H2AK119u1 and H3K27me3 in mouse ES cells Total RNAs were extracted from the respective ES cells, and were subjected to microarray analysis using Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 arrays. ChIP on chip analysis was carried out using the Mouse Promoter ChIP-on-chip Microarray Set (G4490A, Agilent, Palo Alto, Calif., USA). MEFs were subjected to ChIP assay using various antibodies. Purified immunoprecipitated and input DNA was subjected to T7 RNA polymerase-based amplification. Labeling, hybridization and washing were carried out according to the Agilent mammalian ChIP-on-chip protocol (ver.9.0). Scanned images were quantified with Agilent Feature Extraction software under standard conditions.

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PRC1 Sustains the Memory of Neuronal Fate Independent of PRC2 Function

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