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CMTR1 is recruited to transcription start sites and has enhanced influence over ribosomal protein and histone genes

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE175631 | GEO | 2022/02/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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CMTR1 is recruited to transcription start sites and has enhanced influence over ribosomal protein and histone genes [RNA-seq]

Project description:We investigated the gene-specificity of mRNA cap methyltransferase CMTR1 and its impact in RNA expression. In this RNA-seq experiment, we used siRNA to knockdown the endogenous CMTR1 protein to investigate its role in mouse embryonic stem cells. We demonstrated that the repression of CMTR1 expression resulted in a loss of RNA expression, particularly of histone and ribosomal protein genes.

2022-02-25 | GSE175629 | GEO

CMTR1 is recruited to transcription start sites and has enhanced influence over ribosomal protein and histone genes [ChIP-seq]

Project description:We investigated the gene-specificity of mRNA cap methyltransferase CMTR1 and its impact in RNA expression. In this ChIP-seq experiment, we investigated the genome-wide chromatin binding profiles of CMTR1 in mouse embryonic stem cells. We demontrated that CMTR1 binds to the transcription start site (TSS) correlating with RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) levels, with predominant binding at histone genes and ribosomal protein (RP) genes. Moreover, the repression of CMTR1 expression resulted in a loss of RNAP II binding at the TSS.

2022-02-25 | GSE175628 | GEO

CMTR1 is recruited to transcription start sites and promotes ribosomal protein and histone gene expression in embryonic stem cells.

Project description:CMTR1 (cap methyltransferase 1) catalyses methylation of the first transcribed nucleotide of RNAPII transcripts (N1 2'-O-Me), creating part of the mammalian RNA cap structure. In addition to marking RNA as self, N1 2'-O-Me has ill-defined roles in RNA expression and translation. Here, we investigated the gene specificity of CMTR1 and its impact on RNA expression in embryonic stem cells. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, CMTR1 was found to bind to transcription start sites (TSS) correlating with RNAPII levels, predominantly binding at histone genes and ribosomal protein (RP) genes. Repression of CMTR1 expression resulted in repression of RNAPII binding at the TSS and repression of RNA expression, particularly of histone and RP genes. In correlation with regulation of histones and RP genes, CMTR1 repression resulted in repression of translation and induction of DNA replication stress and damage. Indicating a direct role for CMTR1 in transcription, addition of recombinant CMTR1 to purified nuclei increased transcription of the histone and RP genes. CMTR1 was found to be upregulated during neural differentiation and there was an enhanced requirement for CMTR1 for gene expression and proliferation during this process. We highlight the distinct roles of the cap methyltransferases RNMT and CMTR1 in target gene expression and differentiation.

| S-EPMC8934662 | biostudies-literature

CMTR1 is recruited to transcription start sites and has enhanced influence over ribosomal protein and histone genes

Project description:CMTR1 is recruited to transcription start sites and has enhanced influence over ribosomal protein and histone genes

| PRJNA733118 | ENA

CMTR1 is recruited to transcription start sites and has enhanced influence over ribosomal protein and histone genes [RNA-seq]

Project description:CMTR1 is recruited to transcription start sites and has enhanced influence over ribosomal protein and histone genes [RNA-seq]

| PRJNA733134 | ENA

CMTR1 is recruited to transcription start sites and has enhanced influence over ribosomal protein and histone genes [ChIP-seq]

Project description:CMTR1 is recruited to transcription start sites and has enhanced influence over ribosomal protein and histone genes [ChIP-seq]

| PRJNA733122 | ENA

Human-specific histone methylation signatures at transcription start sites in prefrontal neurons.

Project description:Cognitive abilities and disorders unique to humans are thought to result from adaptively driven changes in brain transcriptomes, but little is known about the role of cis-regulatory changes affecting transcription start sites (TSS). Here, we mapped in human, chimpanzee, and macaque prefrontal cortex the genome-wide distribution of histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 4 (H3K4me3), an epigenetic mark sharply regulated at TSS, and identified 471 sequences with human-specific enrichment or depletion. Among these were 33 loci selectively methylated in neuronal but not non-neuronal chromatin from children and adults, including TSS at DPP10 (2q14.1), CNTN4 and CHL1 (3p26.3), and other neuropsychiatric susceptibility genes. Regulatory sequences at DPP10 and additional loci carried a strong footprint of hominid adaptation, including elevated nucleotide substitution rates and regulatory motifs absent in other primates (including archaic hominins), with evidence for selective pressures during more recent evolution and adaptive fixations in modern populations. Chromosome conformation capture at two neurodevelopmental disease loci, 2q14.1 and 16p11.2, revealed higher order chromatin structures resulting in physical contact of multiple human-specific H3K4me3 peaks spaced 0.5-1 Mb apart, in conjunction with a novel cis-bound antisense RNA linked to Polycomb repressor proteins and downregulated DPP10 expression. Therefore, coordinated epigenetic regulation via newly derived TSS chromatin could play an important role in the emergence of human-specific gene expression networks in brain that contribute to cognitive functions and neurological disease susceptibility in modern day humans.

| S-EPMC3502543 | biostudies-literature

Ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6) is recruited to DNA damage sites in a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-dependent manner and regulates the DNA damage response.

Project description:Ribosomal proteins are the building blocks of ribosome biogenesis. Beyond their known participation in ribosome assembly, the ribosome-independent functions of ribosomal proteins are largely unknown. Here, using immunoprecipitation, subcellular fractionation, His-ubiquitin pulldown, and immunofluorescence microscopy assays, along with siRNA-based knockdown approaches, we demonstrate that ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6) directly interacts with histone H2A and is involved in the DNA damage response (DDR). We found that in response to DNA damage, RPL6 is recruited to DNA damage sites in a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-dependent manner, promoting its interaction with H2A. We also observed that RPL6 depletion attenuates the interaction between mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1) and H2A histone family member X, phosphorylated (?H2AX), impairs the accumulation of MDC1 at DNA damage sites, and reduces both the recruitment of ring finger protein 168 (RNF168) and H2A Lys-15 ubiquitination (H2AK15ub). These RPL6 depletion-induced events subsequently inhibited the recruitment of the following downstream repair proteins: tumor protein P53-binding protein 1 (TP53BP1) and BRCA1, DNA repair-associated (BRCA1). Moreover, the RPL6 knockdown resulted in defects in the DNA damage-induced G2-M checkpoint, DNA damage repair, and cell survival. In conclusion, our study identifies RPL6 as a critical regulatory factor involved in the DDR. These findings expand our knowledge of the extraribosomal functions of ribosomal proteins in cell physiology and deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying DDR regulation.

| S-EPMC6393625 | biostudies-literature

Transcription start sites at the end of protein-coding genes.

Project description:Previous studies demonstrated that massive induction of transcriptional readthrough generates downstream of gene-containing transcripts (DoGs) in cells under stress condition. Here, we analyzed TSS-seq (transcription start site sequencing) data from the DBTSS database. We investigated TSS tags at the end of gene for all pan-stress and untreated-cell DoGs, in comparison with expression-matched non-DoGs. We observed significantly more TSS tags at the end of pan-stress and untreated-cell DoG genes than non-DoG genes, even though their TSS tags in the promoter is the same. Importantly, the median value of TSS tags at gene end normalized to gene promoter is significantly higher than the median expression ratio of short DoG to host gene and of long DoG to host gene. Our results indicate that downstream overlapping long non-coding RNAs derived from the TSS at the gene end may be an important source of DoGs.

| S-EPMC5857071 | biostudies-literature

Histone H3.5 forms an unstable nucleosome and accumulates around transcription start sites in human testis.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Human histone H3.5 is a non-allelic H3 variant evolutionally derived from H3.3. The H3.5 mRNA is highly expressed in human testis. However, the function of H3.5 has remained poorly understood. RESULTS:We found that the H3.5 nucleosome is less stable than the H3.3 nucleosome. The crystal structure of the H3.5 nucleosome showed that the H3.5-specific Leu103 residue, which corresponds to the H3.3 Phe104 residue, reduces the hydrophobic interaction with histone H4. Mutational analyses revealed that the H3.5-specific Leu103 residue is responsible for the instability of the H3.5 nucleosome, both in vitro and in living cells. The H3.5 protein was present in human seminiferous tubules, but little to none was found in mature sperm. A chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with sequencing analysis revealed that H3.5 accumulated around transcription start sites (TSSs) in testicular cells. CONCLUSIONS:We performed comprehensive studies of H3.5, and found the instability of the H3.5 nucleosome and the accumulation of H3.5 protein around TSSs in human testis. The unstable H3.5 nucleosome may function in the chromatin dynamics around the TSSs, during spermatogenesis.

| S-EPMC4714512 | biostudies-literature

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