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The Enrichment and Regulation of High-methylated CpG sites in CGI Border in ARPE-19 [MNase-seq]

ABSTRACT: Stable maintenance of cytosine methylation is essential for mammalian biological processes such as gene transcription. To investigate the relationship of stably high methylation sites with gene expression, we cultured the ARPE-19 for lasting 10 generations and performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) to obtain the highly methylated sites. Then we analyzed the characters of highly methylated sites and detected the transcription level of the cells. After filtered the low methylated CpG island (CGI), we found that highly methylated CpG sites had a preference for CGI boundary. In the promoter CGI, only in the condition as the gene expression is inhibited and the promoter CGI is at a high methylation level, a significant enrichment of the highly methylated sites is observed in the promoter CGI boundary. Our results showed that the enrichment of high methylation sites at the boundary of the CGI in the promoter region would have a significant inhibitory effect on the gene expression. In summary, we provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of DNA methylation.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE176336 | GEO | 2021/06/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:<p>Aberrant DNA methylation changes are known to occur during prostate cancer progression beginning with precursor lesions. Utilizing fifty nanograms of genomic DNA in Methylplex-Next Generation Sequencing (M-NGS) we mapped the global DNA methylation patterns in prostate tissues (n=17) and cells (n=2). Peaks were located from mapped reads obtained in each sequencing run using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based algorithm previously used for Chip-Seq data analysis(<a href="http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/qin/HPeak">http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/qin/HPeak</a>). The total methylation events in intergenic/intronic regions between benign adjacent and cancer tissues were comparable. Promoter CGI methylation gradually increased from -12.6% in benign samples to 19.3% and 21.8% in localized and metastatic cancer tissues and approximately 20% of all CpG islands (CGIs) (68,508) were methylated in tissues. We observed distinct patterns in promoter methylation around transcription start sites, where methylation occurred directly on the CGIs, flanking regions and on CGI sparse promoters. Among the 6,691 methylated promoters in prostate tissues, 2481 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are cancer specific and several previously studied targets were among them. A novel cancer specific DMR in WFDC2 promoter showed 77% methylation in cancer (17/22), 100% methylation in transformed prostate cell lines (6/6), none in the benign tissues (0/10) and normal PrEC cells. Integration of LNCaP DNA methylation and H3K4me3 data suggested a role for DNA methylation in alternate transcription start site utilization. While methylated promoters containing CGIs had mutually exclusive H3K4me3 modification, the histone mark was absent in CGI sparse promoters. Finally, we observed difference in methylation of LINE-1 elements between transcription factor ERG positive and negative cancers. The comprehensive methylome map presented here will further our understanding of epigenetic regulation of the prostate cancer genome. Overall Design: We mapped the global DNA methylation patterns in prostate tissues (n=17) and cells (n=2) from fifty nanograms of genomic DNA using Methylplex-Next Generation Sequencing (M-NGS). For replicate analysis in cell lines, a total of 4 runs were completed for PrEC prostate normal cell line, and 5 runs were completed for LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. For tissue samples, 2 benign prostate samples were sequenced twice on Illumina next generation sequencing platform to access overall repeatability of M-NGS.</p>

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The Enrichment and Regulation of High-methylated CpG sites in CGI Border in ARPE-19 [MNase-seq]

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