HuR differentially regulates unique subsets of mRNAs in estrogen receptor negative and positive breast cancer
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ABSTRACT: Analysis of RNA immunoprecipitation of HuR, a RNA binding protein (RBP), in breast cancer cell lines. This approach, utilizing RNA immunoprecipitation hybridized to microarray (RIP-Chip), provides global identification of putative endogenous mRNA targets of different RBPs. HuR is an RBP that binds to the AU-rich (ARE) regions of labile mRNAs, such as proto-oncogenes, facilitating their translation into protein. HuR has been shown to play a role in cancer progression and elevated levels of cytoplasmic HuR directly correlate with increased invasiveness and poor prognosis for many cancers, including those of the breast. We used HuR RIP-Chip as a comprehensive and systematic method to survey breast cancer target genes in both MCF-7 (estrogen receptor positive, ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (estrogen receptor negative, ER-) breast cancer cell lines. We identified unique subsets of HuR associated mRNAs found individually or in both cell types. Two novel HuR targets, CD-9 and CALM-2, were identified and validated by quantitative RT-PCR and biotin pulldown analysis. Our findings reveal that the differential regulation of these two cancer-related genes by HuR was contingent upon the cellular environment.
Project description:Analysis of RNA immunoprecipitation of HuR, a RNA binding protein (RBP), in breast cancer cell lines. This approach, utilizing RNA immunoprecipitation hybridized to microarray (RIP-Chip), provides global identification of putative endogenous mRNA targets of different RBPs. HuR is an RBP that binds to the AU-rich (ARE) regions of labile mRNAs, such as proto-oncogenes, facilitating their translation into protein. HuR has been shown to play a role in cancer progression and elevated levels of cytoplasmic HuR directly correlate with increased invasiveness and poor prognosis for many cancers, including those of the breast. We used HuR RIP-Chip as a comprehensive and systematic method to survey breast cancer target genes in both MCF-7 (estrogen receptor positive, ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (estrogen receptor negative, ER-) breast cancer cell lines. We identified unique subsets of HuR associated mRNAs found individually or in both cell types. Two novel HuR targets, CD-9 and CALM-2, were identified and validated by quantitative RT-PCR and biotin pulldown analysis. Our findings reveal that the differential regulation of these two cancer-related genes by HuR was contingent upon the cellular environment. RNA immunoprecipitation of the HuR RNA binding protein by 3A2 antibody and IgG (control) from two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 .
Project description:We report the HuR-RNA interactions in the liver by performing RNA-immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq). RIP-seq was performed in healthy livers of wildtype (WT) mice using a HuR antibody. We found that 1380 cytoplasmic-target mRNAs bound to HuR, as assessed by the comparison between the HuR-specific antibody and the IgG control
Project description:Although RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) coordinate many key decisions during cell growth and differentiation, the dynamics of RNA–RBP interactions have not been extensively studied on a global basis. We immunoprecipitated endogenous ribonucleoprotein complexes containing HuR and PABP throughout a T-cell activation time course and identified the associated mRNA populations using microarrays. We used Gaussian mixture modeling as a discriminative model, treating RBP association as a discrete variable (target or not target), and as a generative model, treating RBP-association as a continuous variable (probability of association). We report that HuR interacts with different populations of mRNAs during T-cell activation. These populations encode functionally related proteins that are members of the Wnt pathway and proteins mediating T-cell receptor signaling pathways. Moreover, the mRNA targets of HuR were found to overlap with the targets of other posttranscriptional regulatory factors, indicating combinatorial interdependence of posttranscriptional regulatory networks and modules after activation. Applying HuR mRNA dynamics as a quantitative phenotype in the drug-gene-phenotype Connectivity Map, we identified candidate small molecule effectors of HuR and T-cell activation. We show that one of these candidates, resveratrol, exerts T-cell activation-dependent posttranscriptional effects that are rescued by HuR. Thus, we describe a strategy to systematically link an RBP and condition-specific posttranscriptional effects to small molecule drugs. Keywords: Timecourse, RIP, Immunoprecipitation, HuR, ELAVL1, PABP, T cell activation Timecourse experiment: 0hr, 4hr, and 12hr post-activation of Jurkat cells. Four samples collected: HuR-IP, PABP-IP, Neg-IP and Total RNA. 3 Biological replicates per condition and sample that were independently grown and harvested.
Project description:Although RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) coordinate many key decisions during cell growth and differentiation, the dynamics of RNA–RBP interactions have not been extensively studied on a global basis. We immunoprecipitated endogenous ribonucleoprotein complexes containing HuR and PABP throughout a T-cell activation time course and identified the associated mRNA populations using microarrays. We used Gaussian mixture modeling as a discriminative model, treating RBP association as a discrete variable (target or not target), and as a generative model, treating RBP-association as a continuous variable (probability of association). We report that HuR interacts with different populations of mRNAs during T-cell activation. These populations encode functionally related proteins that are members of the Wnt pathway and proteins mediating T-cell receptor signaling pathways. Moreover, the mRNA targets of HuR were found to overlap with the targets of other posttranscriptional regulatory factors, indicating combinatorial interdependence of posttranscriptional regulatory networks and modules after activation. Applying HuR mRNA dynamics as a quantitative phenotype in the drug-gene-phenotype Connectivity Map, we identified candidate small molecule effectors of HuR and T-cell activation. We show that one of these candidates, resveratrol, exerts T-cell activation-dependent posttranscriptional effects that are rescued by HuR. Thus, we describe a strategy to systematically link an RBP and condition-specific posttranscriptional effects to small molecule drugs. Keywords: Timecourse, RIP, Immunoprecipitation, HuR, ELAVL1, PABP, T cell activation
Project description:The purpose of this study is to generate RNA binding profile of RNA-binding protein HuR in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 cells by ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-deq). RNA immunoprecipitated by mouse anti-HuR antibody or mouse IgG was collected for library prepareation and deep sequencing, in duplicate, using Illumina Hiseq 2500 system. About 30 million sequence reads per sample were mapped to the human genome (build hg38), the corresponding peaks were then detected and annotated. Finally, the RIP peaks that correspond to significant transcript abundance change were identified and compiled.
Project description:The purpose of the study was to identify mRNA bound to HuR in the presence of doxorubicin in MCF7 cells. We collected cytoplasmic RNA from untreated and treated cells and detected differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We also coimmunoprecipitated HuR and IgG (as control) from doxorubicin treated cells. Comparison between HuR RIP and IgG RIP signals was used to discriminate specific mRNA bound to HuR. HuR coimmmunoprecipitated material was hybridized together with cytoplasmic mRNA of doxorubicin treated cells, enabling the fold enrichment calculation and the selection of mRNAs bound to HuR. Keywords: RIP-Chip, HuR, doxorubicin, MCF7, HuR consensus binding, post-transcriptional regulation. We subjected MCF7 cells to starvation for 24h and then we added doxorubicin at final concentration of 10 uM, profiling before and after 4 hours of treatment in biological quadruplicate (only on cytoplasmic mRNAs, as HuR was found in the cytoplasm). Differentially expressed genes, altered during the treatment, were identified. Data derived from HuR RIP-Chip and IgG RIP-Chip (in biological quadruplicate) allowed the identification of specific mRNAs bound to HuR. The comparison between HuR RIP-Chip and cytoplasmic extracts from doxorubicin treated cells (in biological triplicate) identified those genes that were more strictly bound to HuR independently from their expression levels.
Project description:RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and non-coding RNAs orchestrate post-transcriptional processes through the recognition of specific sites on targeted transcripts. Thus, understanding the connection between binding to specific sites and active regulation of the whole transcript is essential. Many immunoprecipitation techniques have been developed that identify either whole transcripts or binding sites of RBPs on each transcript using cell lysates. However, none of these methods simultaneously measures the strength of each binding site, and quantifies binding to whole transcripts. In this study, we compare current procedures and present Digestion Optimized (DO)-RIP-seq, a simple method that locates and quantifies RBP binding sites using a continuous metric. We have used the RBP HuR/ELAVL1 to demonstrate that DO-RIP-seq can quantify HuR binding sites with high coverage across the entire human transcriptome, thereby generating metrics of relative RNA binding strength. We demonstrate that this quantitative enrichment of binding sites is proportional to the relative in vitro binding strength for these sites. Also, we used DO-RIP-seq to quantify and compare HuR's binding to whole transcripts, thus allowing for seamless integration of binding site data with whole transcript measurements. Finally, we demonstrate that DO-RIP-seq is useful for identifying functional mRNA target sets, and binding sites where combinatorial interactions between HuR and AGO-microRNAs regulate the fate of the transcripts. Our data indicate that DO-RIP-seq will be useful for quantifying RBP binding events that regulate dynamic biological processes.
Project description:Integrative regulatory mapping indicates that the RNA-binding protein HuR (ELAVL1) couples pre-mRNA processing and mRNA stability In this dataset, we employed two distinct experiments. 1) HuR RIP-chip to identify mRNA targets of HuR. 2) HuR knockdown to identify mRNAs whose expression are dependent on HuR. All 12 samples were normalized with PLIER using Affymetrix power tools. To identify RNA targets of HuR, HuR RIP samples were compared to Mock RIP samples. To identify RNA regulated by HuR, HuR knockdown samples were compared to mock knockdown samples.
Project description:IL-20 cytokines are involved in the establishment of psoriasis, a common chronic skin inflammation epidemiologically associated with metabolic syndrome, but molecular mechanisms underlying their over-expression remain to be elucidated. We find that keratinocytes (KCs) expressed IL-20 and lymphocytes expressed IL-22 cytokines up-regulation occurs at post-transcriptional level with stabilization of their RNA messengers. Looking at psoriatic epidermis, we observe that the p38/MK2 pathway is not activated but that the RNA-binding protein (RBP) HuR re-localizes in keratinocytes cytoplasm, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of numerous mRNAs. HuR ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitations analyzed by high-throughput sequencing (RIP-Seq) identify potential pre-mature and mature RNA targets for uninvolved and involved skin and confirms that HuR activity is displaced from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Numerous psoriasis up-regulated transcripts are HuR targets and HuR knockdown reduces expression of transcripts like beta-defensin-2, CXCL-10 or IL-2, suggesting an implication of HuR in pathophysiological processes such as morphological, immune and metabolic inflammatory responses. Finally, metabolic disorders affecting psoriatic keratinocytes are responsible for HuR cytoplasmic localization since a decreased activity of the cellular metabolic sensor AMPK, that is observed in human psoriatic epidermis, is sufficient to promote HuR cytosolic localization as well as IL-20 over-production both in human keratinocytes and in vivo in mouse epidermis where it then initiates psoriasis-like histological changes. These results may provide insights into molecular links between metabolism and post-transcriptional networks during chronic inflammation, as illustrated in psoriasis by mechanisms connecting AMPK, HuR and IL-20. Analysis of HuR-binding RNA in uninvolved versus involved psoriatic samples by RIP-Seq. Samples from five different patients were used for both uninvolved and involved skin. RIP-Seq was also made using a control IgG.
Project description:Transposable elements (TEs) have significantly influenced the evolution of transcriptional regulatory networks in the human genome. Post-transcriptional regulation of human genes by TE-derived sequences has been observed in specific contexts, but has yet to be systematically and comprehensively investigated. Here, studied a collection of CLIP-Seq (CrossLinked ImmunoPrecipitation) experiments mapping the RNA binding sites for a diverse set of 46 human proteins across 68 experiments to explore the role of TEs in post-transcriptional regulation genome-wide via RNA-protein interactions. We detected widespread interactions between RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and various families of TE-derived sequence in the CLIP-Seq data. Alignment coverage clustered on specific positions of the TE consensus sequences, illuminating a diversity of TE-specific motifs for many RBPs. Evidence of binding and conservation of these motifs in the nonrepetitive transcriptome suggest that TEs have appropriated existing sequence preferences of the RBP. Upon depletion of the RBPs, transcripts possessing TE-derived binding sites were similarly regulated as those bound in nonrepetitive sequence. However, in a few cases the effect of RBP binding depended on the specific TE family boundM-bM-^@M-^Te.g., the ubiquitously expressed RBP HuR conferred opposite effects on stability to transcripts when bound to Alu elements versus other families. Our meta-analysis suggests a widespread role for TEs in shaping RNA-protein regulatory networks in the human genome. HuR formaldehyde RIP-Seq in K562 cells, with RIP and input sequenced in triplicate.