Single-cell analysis identifies a key role for Hhip in murine coronal suture development
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE178899 | GEO | 2021/06/26
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Sutures separate the flat bones of the skull and enable coordinated growth of the brain and overlying cranium. In order to uncover the cellular diversity within sutures, we conducted single-cell transcriptomic and histological analyses of the embryonic murine coronal suture. We identify Erg and Pthlh as early markers of osteogenic progenitors in sutures, and distinct pre-osteoblast signatures between the bone fronts and periosteum. diverse mesenchymal layers at the coronal suture, including multiple distinct meningeal layers below the suture, and ligamentous, ectocranial, and hypodermal layers above the sutureIn the ectocranial layers above the suture, we observe a ligament-like population spanning the frontal and parietal bones and expressing genes implicated in mechanosensation. Mesenchyme in and around the coronal suture is asymmetrically distributed between the frontal and parietal bones, and we identify different states of osteogenic cells extending from the bone fronts into the more mature bone, and a potential signature for sutural stem cellsIn the meningeal layers, we detect a potential chondrogenic periosteal dura population that may be involved in endochondral ossification that closes sutures. Expression of genes mutated in craniosynostosis is spread across diverse cell types, suggesting multiple points at which homeostasis can fail. This single-cell atlas provides a resource to understand the development of the coronal suture, the suture most commonly fused in craniosynostosis.
2021-06-17 | GSE163693 | GEO
Project description:Cranial sutures separate neighboring skull bones and contain skeletal stem cells that drive bone growth. A key question is how osteogenic activity is controlled to promote bone growth while preventing aberrant bone fusions during skull expansion. Here we integrate single-cell transcriptomics, in vivo expression validation, photoconversion-based lineage tracing, and a zebrafish craniosynostosis model to uncover key developmental transitions regulating bone formation during skull expansion. In addition to conservation of meninges and osteoblast lineage cells between zebrafish and mouse, single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the zebrafish skull reveals distinct subpopulations of suture mesenchyme that undergo transcriptomic changes during suture establishment. While lineage tracing with an osteoblast-specific nlsEOS reporter shows that bone formation largely occurs at suture edges, a subset of mesenchyme cells in the mid-suture region upregulate a suite of genes including BMP antagonists (e.g. grem1a) and pro-angiogenic factors. Further, lineage tracing with grem1a:nlsEOS reveals that this mid-suture subpopulation is largely non-osteogenic. In twist1b; tcf12 mutant zebrafish, a model for the coronal synostosis of Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome, reduction of grem1a+ mid-suture cells correlates with misregulated bone formation and reduced blood vessels at the coronal suture. In addition, combinatorial mutation of BMP antagonists enriched in the mid-suture subpopulation results in increased BMP signaling in the suture, misregulated bone formation, and abnormal suture morphology. These data support roles of a subset of mid-suture mesenchyme in locally promoting BMP antagonism that ensures proper suture morphology.
2024-07-11 | GSE223147 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: The cranial suture is a fibrous joint, and similar to the growth plates of the skeletal long bone, they serve as the major centers of calvarial vault morphogenesis. Our group’s identification of a skeletal stem cell isolated from the mouse tibial growth plate prompted us to investigate whether these skeletal stem cells are also resident in the mouse cranial sutures and if they govern postnatal suture patency or fusion. Results: We preformed a spatio-temporal profiling of the mouse cranial sutures by flow cytometry, demonstrating a significant decrease in the temporal representation of skeletal stem cells in fusing versus patent sutures. Moreover, canonical Wnt signaling has a significant impact on skeletal stem cells proliferation and thus representation within the suture, dictating fate: fusion or patency. Breeding an Axin2+/-LacZ mouse, with enhanced activation of canonical Wnt signaling to a Twist1+/− mouse, harboring a coronal craniosynostosis enriched the skeletal stem cell pool in coronal sutures, thereby preventing Twist1+/− craniosynostosis. Conclusions: Our findings suggest an imbalance and/or decrease in resident skeletal stem cells within the cranial sutures gives rise to craniosynostosis, however, restoring this representation by enriching skeletal stem cells within the suture can maintain patency.
2020-04-15 | GSE138881 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: The cranial suture is a fibrous joint, and similar to the growth plates of the skeletal long bone, they serve as the major centers of calvarial vault morphogenesis. Our group’s identification of a skeletal stem cell isolated from the mouse tibial growth plate prompted us to investigate whether these skeletal stem cells are also resident in the mouse cranial sutures and if they govern postnatal suture patency or fusion. Results: We preformed a spatio-temporal profiling of the mouse cranial sutures by flow cytometry, demonstrating a significant decrease in the temporal representation of skeletal stem cells in fusing versus patent sutures. Moreover, canonical Wnt signaling has a significant impact on skeletal stem cells proliferation and thus representation within the suture, dictating fate: fusion or patency. Breeding an Axin2+/-LacZ mouse, with enhanced activation of canonical Wnt signaling to a Twist1+/− mouse, harboring a coronal craniosynostosis enriched the skeletal stem cell pool in coronal sutures, thereby preventing Twist1+/− craniosynostosis. Conclusions: Our findings suggest an imbalance and/or decrease in resident skeletal stem cells within the cranial sutures gives rise to craniosynostosis, however, restoring this representation by enriching skeletal stem cells within the suture can maintain patency.
2020-04-15 | GSE138880 | GEO
Project description:The regeneration of craniofacial bones of the mammalian skeleton necessitates the action of both intrinsic and extrinsic inductive factors from multiple cell types, which function in a hierarchical and temporal fashion to control the differentiation of osteogenic progenitors. Single-cell transcriptomics of developing mouse cranial suture recently identified a suture mesenchymal progenitor population with tendon- or ligament-associated gene expression profile previously uncharacterized. Here, we developed a Mohawk homeobox (MkxCG;R26RtdT) reporter mouse, finding that this teno-ligamentous gene identifies a cranial suture resident cell population within the adult mouse that gives rise to calvarial osteoblasts and osteocytes overtime during homeostatic conditions. Single cell RNA-Sequencing (scRNA-Seq) demonstrated that Mkx+ suture cells demonstrate a stem-like phenotype with expression of teno-ligamentous genes. Bone injury with Mkx+ cell ablation showed delayed bone healing. Remarkably, Mkx gene played a critical role as an osteo-inhibitory factor in cranial suture cells, as knockdown or knockout resulted in increased osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, in vivo local deletion of Mkx in Mkx floxed mice resulted in robustly increased calvarial defect repair. Finally, we observed that mechanical stretch dynamically regulates Mkx expression in turn regulating calvarial cell osteogenesis. Overall, we identify Mkx+ cells within the suture mesenchyme as a progenitor cell population for adult craniofacial bones required for bone repair and Mkx itself as mechanical stretch responsive gene which functions to prevent osteogenic differentiation within the stem cell niche.
2024-06-13 | GSE246238 | GEO
Project description:The regeneration of craniofacial bones of the mammalian skeleton necessitates the action of both intrinsic and extrinsic inductive factors from multiple cell types, which function in a hierarchical and temporal fashion to control the differentiation of osteogenic progenitors. Single-cell transcriptomics of developing mouse cranial suture recently identified a suture mesenchymal progenitor population with tendon- or ligament-associated gene expression profile previously uncharacterized. Here, we developed a Mohawk homeobox (MkxCG;R26RtdT) reporter mouse, finding that this teno-ligamentous gene identifies a cranial suture resident cell population within the adult mouse that gives rise to calvarial osteoblasts and osteocytes overtime during homeostatic conditions. Single cell RNA-Sequencing (scRNA-Seq) demonstrated that Mkx+ suture cells demonstrate a stem-like phenotype with expression of teno-ligamentous genes. Bone injury with Mkx+ cell ablation showed delayed bone healing. Remarkably, Mkx gene played a critical role as an osteo-inhibitory factor in cranial suture cells, as knockdown or knockout resulted in increased osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, in vivo local deletion of Mkx in Mkx floxed mice resulted in robustly increased calvarial defect repair. Finally, we observed that mechanical stretch dynamically regulates Mkx expression in turn regulating calvarial cell osteogenesis. Overall, we identify Mkx+ cells within the suture mesenchyme as a progenitor cell population for adult craniofacial bones required for bone repair and Mkx itself as mechanical stretch responsive gene which functions to prevent osteogenic differentiation within the stem cell niche.
2024-06-13 | GSE245094 | GEO
Project description:Many surgical tendon repairs fail despite advances in surgical materials and techniques. Tendon repair failure can be partially attributed to the tendon’s poor intrinsic healing capacity and the repurposing of sutures from use in other tissues. Electrospun materials show promise as a biological scaffold to support endogenous tendon repair, but their relatively low tensile strength has limited their clinical translation. It is hypothesized that combining electrospun fibres with a stronger material may improve the suture’s mechanical properties while retaining biophysical cues necessary to encourage cell-mediated repair. This paper describes the production of a hybrid electrospun-extruded suture with a sheath of submicron electrospun fibres and a core of melt-extruded fibres. The porosity and tensile strength of this hybrid suture is compared to an electrospun-only braided suture and clinically used sutures Vicryl and PDS. Bioactivity is assessed by measuring the adsorbed serum proteins on electrospun and melt-extruded filaments using mass spectrometry. Human hamstring tendon fibroblast attachment and proliferation was quantified and compared between the hybrid and control sutures. Combining an electrospun sheath with melt-extruded cores created a hybrid braid with increased tensile strength (70.1±0.3N) compared to an electrospun only suture (12.9±1N, p<0.0001). The hybrid suture had a similar force at break to clinical sutures, but lower stiffness and stress. The Young’s modulus was 772.6±32Mpa for the hybrid suture, 1693.0±69Mpa for PDS, and 3838.0±132MPa for Vicryl, p<0.0001. Hybrid sutures had lower overall porosity than electrospun-only sutures (40±4% and 60±7%, respectively, p=0.0018) but had a significantly larger overall porosity and average pore diameter compared to surgical sutures. There were similar clusters of adsorbed proteins on electrospun and melt-extruded filaments, which were distinct from PDS. Tendon fibroblast attachment on hybrid and electrospun sutures was significantly higher than on clinical sutures (hybrid 28±7%; electrospun 24±7%; Vicryl 10±5%; PDS 2±0.1%, p<0.0001). Cell proliferation was significantly higher on hybrid and electrospun sutures compared to on clinical sutures. Overall, this study demonstrated that a bioactive suture with increased tensile strength and lower stiffness could be produced by adding a core of 10um melt-extruded fibres to a sheath of electrospun fibres. In contrast to currently used sutures, the hybrid sutures promoted a bioactive response: serum proteins adsorbed, and fibroblasts attached, survived, grew along the sutures, and adopted appropriate morphologies.
2024-05-23 | PXD045312 | Pride
Project description:Epithelial Hedgehog (Hh) ligands regulate several aspects of fetal intestinal organogenesis and emerging data implicate the Hh pathway in inflammatory signaling in adult colon. We investigated the effects of chronic Hh inhibition in vivo and profiled molecular pathways acutely modulated by Hh signaling in the intestinal mesenchyme. Experiment Overall Design: E18.5 intestinal mesenchyme was isolated and cultured. Mesenchyme was treated with Sonic (Shh) or Indian (Ihh) hedgehog ligand or Vehicle (control) acutely to identify targets regulated by Hh signaling in intestinal mesenchyme.
2009-11-10 | E-GEOD-17840 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The skull vault is composed of frontal and parietal bones that are connected by flexible sutures that protect the growing brain. Intramembranous ossification in the prenatal skull vault starts by mid-gestation in the mouse, and sutures must remain flexible for normal growth and development. Therefore, the balance of bone formation and remodeling needs to be precisely controlled because premature ossification in the sutures causes craniosynostosis (CS) to develop. CS has a variable clinical presentation where two frontal bones may be fused together, or a frontal bone may be fused to a parietal bone. While most studies focus on the premature suture ossification, we hypothesized that the process of intramembranous ossification in the frontal and parietal bones contributes to the etiology of CS. By bulk RNASeq we identified 536 unique transcripts between the frontal and parietal compartments.Taken together, we propose that the frontal bone is more active in bone remodeling than the parietal bone, and this control is important for temporal onset of intramembranous ossification in the skull vault.
2023-10-21 | GSE245664 | GEO
Project description:Craniosynostosis is a disease defined by premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. The mechanistic pathology of isolated single-suture craniosynostosis is complex and while a number of genetic biomarkers and environmental predispositions have been identified, in many cases the causes remain controversial and inconclusive at best. After controlling for variables contributing to potential bias, FGF7, SFRP4, and VCAM1 emerged as potential genetic biomarkers for single-suture craniosynostosis due to their significantly large changes in gene expression compared to the control population. Furthermore, pathway analysis implicated focal adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction as differentially regulated gene networks when comparing all cases of single-suture synostosis and controls. Lastly, overall gene expression was found to be highly conserved between coronal and metopic cases, as evidenced by the fact that WNT2 and IGFBP2 were the only differentially regulated genes identified in a direct comparison. These results not only confirm the roles of previously reported craniosynostosis-related targets but also introduce novel genetic biomarkers and pathways that may play critical roles in its pathogenesis. In this study, gene expression data from 199 patients with isolated sagittal (n= 100), unilateral coronal (n = 50), and metopic (n = 49) synostosis are compared against both a control population (n = 50), as well as each other.
2012-03-04 | E-GEOD-27976 | biostudies-arrayexpress