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TNF dependent induction of inhibitory pathways in CD4+ T cells in HIV and LCMV [CD4+ T activation]

ABSTRACT: Chronic viral infections caused by HIV in humans or LCMV in mice are characterized by immunodeficiency and chronic inflammation. During chronification, T cells progressively lose effector functions, a process associated with immunoregulatory pathways and known as T-cell exhaustion. A link between ‘exhaustive’ T-cell reprogramming and chronic inflammation has not been established. Using a systems biology approach we demonstrate in HIV and LCMV infection that TNF, a prototypical mediator of chronic inflammation, functions upstream of major immunoregulatory pathways in T cells during chronic viral infection. In vivo blockade of TNFR-signaling interferes with the exhaustive T-cell program during chronic infection and reduces viral loads by several log. Continuous TNFR-signaling during disease progression towards chronic infection seems to be causative for T-cell exhaustion and an important link between immunodeficiency and chronic inflammation. TNF blockade might represent a novel therapeutic option during late stage infections caused by HIV and other virus causing chronic infections.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE17946 | GEO | 2016/03/07

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA119955

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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TNF dependent induction of inhibitory pathways in CD4+ T cells in HIV and LCMV [HIV-infected individuals]

Project description:Chronic viral infections caused by HIV in humans or LCMV in mice are characterized by immunodeficiency and chronic inflammation. During chronification, T cells progressively lose effector functions, a process associated with immunoregulatory pathways and known as T-cell exhaustion. A link between ‘exhaustive’ T-cell reprogramming and chronic inflammation has not been established. Using a systems biology approach we demonstrate in HIV and LCMV infection that TNF, a prototypical mediator of chronic inflammation, functions upstream of major immunoregulatory pathways in T cells during chronic viral infection. In vivo blockade of TNFR-signaling interferes with the exhaustive T-cell program during chronic infection and reduces viral loads by several log. Continuous TNFR-signaling during disease progression towards chronic infection seems to be causative for T-cell exhaustion and an important link between immunodeficiency and chronic inflammation. TNF blockade might represent a novel therapeutic option during late stage infections caused by HIV and other virus causing chronic infections.

2016-03-07 | GSE17606 | GEO

TNF dependent induction of inhibitory pathways in CD4+ T cells in HIV and LCMV [chronic LCMV]

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2021-03-11 | E-MTAB-8664 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Primary and secondary CD8 T cells during acute and chronic LCMV infection

Project description:Understanding the response of memory CD8 T cells to persistent antigen re-stimulation and the role of CD4 T cell help is critical to the design of successful vaccines for chronic diseases. However, studies comparing the protective abilities and qualities of memory and naïve cells have been mostly performed in acute infections, and little is known about their roles during chronic infections. Herein, we show that memory cells dominate over naïve cells and are protective when present in large enough numbers to quickly reduce infection. In contrast, when infection is not rapidly reduced, memory cells are quickly lost, unlike naïve cells. This loss of memory cells is due to (i) an early block in cell proliferation, (ii) selective regulation by the inhibitory receptor 2B4, and (iii) increased reliance on CD4 T cell help. These findings have important implications towards the design of T cell vaccines against chronic infections and tumors. 16 samples are analyzed: 3 replicates of secondary effector CD8 P14 T cells at day 8 post-acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection; 4 replicates of secondary effector CD8 P14 T cells at day 8 post-chronic LCMV infection; 4 replicates of primary effector CD8 P14 T cells at day 8 post-acute LCMV infection; and 5 replicates of primary effector CD8 P14 T cells at day 8 post-chronic LCMV infection.

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Project description:Chronic viral infections represent a major public health problem. Although it is well understood that neonates and adults respond differently to chronic viral infections (HIV, HCV), the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we transferred neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells into a mouse model of chronic infection (LCMV clone 13) and dissected out the key cell-intrinsic differences that alter their ability to protect the host. Interestingly, we found that neonatal CD8+ T cells preferentially become effector cells early in chronic infection when compared to adult CD8+ T cells, and resist commitment to the exhausted differentiation trajectory. Further, neonatal CD8+ T cells are preferentially maintained as stem-like exhausted progenitors rather than terminally exhausted cells during the chronic phase of infection. The altered differentiation trajectories of neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells is functionally significant, for the neonatal cells protect from viral replication. Together, our work demonstrates how cell-intrinsic differences between neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells influences key cell fate decisions during chronic infection.

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2024-03-07 | GSE234302 | GEO

Transcription profiling by array of CD8 T cells from healthy individuals that express high levals of Programmed Death-1 protein

Project description:T cell dysfunction is an important feature of many chronic viral infections. In particular, it was shown that PD-1 regulates T cell dysfunction during chronic LCMV infection in mice and PD-1 high cells exhibit an intense exhausted gene signature. These findings were extended to human chronic infections such as HIV, HCV and HBV. However, it is not known if PD-1 high cells of healthy humans have the traits of exhausted cells. In this study, we provide a comprehensive description of phenotype, function and gene expression profiles of PD-1 high versus PD-1 low CD8 T cells in the peripheral blood of healthy human adults as following: 1) The percentage of naive and memory CD8 T cells varied widely in the peripheral blood cells of healthy humans and PD-1 was expressed by the memory CD8 T cells. 2) PD-1 high CD8 T cells in healthy humans did not significantly correlated with the PD-1 high exhausted gene signature of HIV specific human CD8 T cells or chronic LCMV specific CD8 T cells from mice. 3) PD-1 expression did not directly affect the ability of CD8 T cells to secrete cytokines in healthy adults. 4) PD-1 was expressed by the effector memory (TEM) compared to ‘terminally differentiated effector’ (TEMRA) CD8 T cells. 5) Finally, an interesting inverse relationship between CD45RA and PD-1 expression was observed. We used highly purified PD-1 high and PD-1 low from six healthy adult individuals and naive CD8 T cell populations from four of those individuals for gene expression studies

2011-01-11 | E-GEOD-26495 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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