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CDK4/6 inhibition enhances the tumor-suppressive activity of high-dose androgens in castration-resistant prostate cancer [RNA-Seq]

ABSTRACT: High-dose testosterone (high-T) treatment can effectively suppress the growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in preclinical studies using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and in clinical trials of CRPC. However, the molecular basis for this treatment remains to be determined. In previous studies, we have shown that androgen receptor (AR) can function as a transcription repressor to suppress the expression of genes mediating DNA replication via recruitment of hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (Rb). However, it is unclear how Rb globally mediates this transcriptional repressor activity of AR and contributes to the tumor-suppressive effect of high-dose androgen in CRPC.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE179687 | GEO | 2022/02/14

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:LSD1 (also known as KDM1A) is a histone demethylase and a key regulator of gene expression in embryonic stem cells and cancer. LSD1 was initially identified as a transcriptional repressor via its demethylation of active histone H3 marks (di-methyl lysine 4 [2MK4]). In prostate cancer, specifically, LSD1 also co-localizes with the AR and demethylates repressive 2MK9 histone marks from androgen-responsive AR target genes, facilitating androgen-mediated induction of AR-regulated gene expression and androgen-induced proliferation in androgen-dependent cancers. Recently, it was shown that treatment with high doses of androgens (e.g.10-fold higher doses than those required for induction of expression of androgen-activated genes such as PSA) recruits LSD1 and AR to an enhancer within the AR; this AR and LSD1 recruitment represses AR transcription. Thus, LSD1 appears to play a role in mediating both the proliferative and repressive phases of the biphasic androgen dose-response curve. For these reasons, we hypothesized that LSD1 might be important for maintenance of AR signalling in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) tumors. However, in this report, we describe a distinct role of LSD1 as a driver of proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells, including CRPC cells, irrespective of androgens or even AR expression. Specifically, LSD1 activates expression of cell cycle, mitosis, and embryonic stem cell maintenance pathways that are enriched in lethal prostate cancers - pathways not activated by androgens. Finally, we observe that treatment with a new LSD1 inhibitor potently and specifically suppresses LSD1 function and suppresses CRPC growth and survival in vitro and in vivo. Our data place LSD1 as a key driver of androgen-independent survival in lethal prostate cancers and demonstrate the potential of LSD1-directed therapies in the near-term. The enclosed files are from microarrays experiments after suppressing LSD1 with RNAi or stimulating cells with the androgen agonist dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

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CDK4/6 inhibition enhances the tumor-suppressive activity of high-dose androgens in castration-resistant prostate cancer [RNA-Seq]

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