Similar Datasets
Project description:The "triploid block" prevents interploidy hybridizations in flowering plants, and is characterized by failure in endosperm development and function, arrest in embryogenesis, and seed collapse. Many genetic components of triploid seed lethality have been successfully identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, most notably the paternally expressed imprinted genes (PEGs) that are up-regulated in the tetraploid endosperm with paternal excess. Previous studies have shown that the paternal epigenome is a key determinant of the triploid block response, as the loss of DNA methylation in diploid pollen suppresses the triploid block almost completely. Here, we demonstrate that triploid seed abortion is bypassed in plants treated with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Azacytidine during seed germination and early plant growth. We have identified strong suppressor lines showing transgenerational inheritance of hypomethylation in CG context, as well as normalized expression of PEGs. Importantly, differentially methylated loci segregate in the progeny of "epimutagenized" plants, which may allow the identification of epialleles involved in the triploid block response in future studies. Finally, we demonstrate that chemically-induced epimutagenesis allows bypassing interploidy hybridizations in Arabidopsis and interspecific hybridization barriers in crosses between Capsella species, thus potentially emerging as a novel strategy for seed-based breeding of triploids and interspecific hybrids with agronomical interest.
2021-11-23 | GSE179702 | GEO
Project description:The "triploid block" prevents interploidy hybridizations in flowering plants, and is characterized by failure in endosperm development and function, arrest in embryogenesis, and seed collapse. Many genetic components of triploid seed lethality have been successfully identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, most notably the paternally expressed imprinted genes (PEGs) that are up-regulated in the tetraploid endosperm with paternal excess. Previous studies have shown that the paternal epigenome is a key determinant of the triploid block response, as the loss of DNA methylation in diploid pollen suppresses the triploid block almost completely. Here, we demonstrate that triploid seed abortion is bypassed in plants treated with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Azacytidine during seed germination and early plant growth. We have identified strong suppressor lines showing transgenerational inheritance of hypomethylation in CG context, as well as normalized expression of PEGs. Importantly, differentially methylated loci segregate in the progeny of "epimutagenized" plants, which may allow the identification of epialleles involved in the triploid block response in future studies. Finally, we demonstrate that chemically-induced epimutagenesis allows bypassing interploidy hybridizations in Arabidopsis and interspecific hybridization barriers in crosses between Capsella species, thus potentially emerging as a novel strategy for seed-based breeding of triploids and interspecific hybrids with agronomical interest.
2021-11-23 | GSE179697 | GEO
Project description:Chemically-induced epimutagenesis allows bypassing reproductive barriers in hybrid seeds
| PRJNA744571 | ENA
Project description:Chemically-induced epimutagenesis allows bypassing reproductive barriers in hybrid seeds [BiSulfite-seq]
| PRJNA744574 | ENA
Project description:Chemically-induced epimutagenesis allows bypassing reproductive barriers in hybrid seeds [RNA-seq]
| PRJNA744559 | ENA
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2022-09-15 | GSE206139 | GEO
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2024-01-31 | GSE252723 | GEO
Project description:DNA methylation in the promoters of plant genes sometimes leads to transcriptional repression, and the loss of DNA methylation in methyltransferase mutants results in altered gene expression and severe developmental defects. However, many cases of naturally occurring DNA methylation variations have been reported, whereby altered expression of differentially methylated genes is responsible for agronomically important traits. The ability to manipulate plant methylomes to generate epigenetically distinct individuals could be invaluable for breeding and research purposes. Here, we describe "epimutagenesis," a method to rapidly generate DNA methylation variation through random demethylation of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. This method involves the expression of a human ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzyme, and results in widespread hypomethylation that can be inherited to subsequent generations, mimicking mutants in the maintenance of DNA methyltransferase met1. Application of epimutagenesis to agriculturally significant plants may result in differential expression of alleles normally silenced by DNA methylation, uncovering previously hidden phenotypic variations.
| S-EPMC5832761 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The current enhanced permeability and retention (EPR)-based approved nanomedicines have had little impact in terms of prolongation of overall survival in patients with cancer. For example, the two Phase III trials comparing Doxil(®), the first nanomedicine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, with free doxorubicin did not find an actual translation of the EPR effect into a statistically significant increase in overall survival but did show less cardiotoxicity. In the current work, we used a two-factor factorial experimental design with intraperitoneal versus intravenous delivery and nanomedicine versus free drug as factors to test our hypothesis that regional (intraperitoneal) delivery of nanomedicine may better increase survival when compared with systemic delivery. In this study, we demonstrate that bypassing, rather than exploiting, the EPR effect via intraperitoneal delivery of nanomedicine harboring a sustained-release function demonstrates dual pharmacokinetic advantages, producing more efficient tumor control and suppressing the expression of stemness markers, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis signals, and multidrug resistance in the tumor microenvironment. Metastases to vital organs (eg, lung, liver, and lymphatic system) are also better controlled by intraperitoneal delivery of nanomedicine than by standard systemic delivery of the corresponding free drug. Moreover, the intraperitoneal delivery of nanomedicine has the potential to replace hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy because it shows equal efficacy and lower toxicity. In terms of efficacy, exploiting the EPR effect may not be the best approach for developing a nanomedicine. Because intraperitoneal chemotherapy is a type of regional chemotherapy, the pharmaceutical industry might consider the regional delivery of nanomedicine as a valid alternative pathway to develop their nanomedicine(s) with the goal of better tumor control in the future.
| S-EPMC4386769 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Studies of reproductive isolation between homoploid hybrid species and their parent species have rarely been carried out. Here we investigate reproductive barriers between a recently recognized hybrid bird species, the Italian sparrow Passer italiae and its parent species, the house sparrow P. domesticus and Spanish sparrow P. hispaniolensis. Reproductive barriers can be difficult to study in hybrid species due to lack of geographical contact between taxa. However, the Italian sparrow lives parapatrically with the house sparrow and both sympatrically and parapatrically with the Spanish sparrow. Through whole-transcriptome sequencing of six individuals of each of the two parent species we identified a set of putatively parent species-diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. After filtering for coverage, genotyping success (>97%) and multiple SNPs per gene, we retained 86 species-informative, genic, nuclear and mitochondrial SNP markers from 84 genes for analysis of 612 male individuals. We show that a disproportionately large number of sex-linked genes, as well as the mitochondria and nuclear genes with mitochondrial function, exhibit sharp clines at the boundaries between the hybrid and the parent species, suggesting a role for mito-nuclear and sex-linked incompatibilities in forming reproductive barriers. We suggest that genomic conflict via interactions between mitochondria and sex-linked genes with mitochondrial function ("mother's curse") at one boundary and centromeric drive at the other may best explain our findings. Hybrid speciation in the Italian sparrow may therefore be influenced by mechanisms similar to those involved in non-hybrid speciation, but with the formation of two geographically separated species boundaries instead of one. Spanish sparrow alleles at some loci have spread north to form reproductive barriers with house sparrows, while house sparrow alleles at different loci, including some on the same chromosome, have spread in the opposite direction to form barriers against Spanish sparrows.
| S-EPMC3886922 | biostudies-literature