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Porphyromonas gingivalis alters gene expressions in the liver and brown adipose tissue, and induces gestational obesity and underweight of fetus in pregnant mice [Liver]

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral and intravenous administration of sonicated P.gingivalis to the liver and brown adipose tissue tissueof pregnant mice

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE180189 | GEO | 2021/10/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The aim of this study is to investigate the alterations in gene expression in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 after inoculation in rat oral cavity. P.gingivalis W83 inoculation in rat oral cavity caused inflammatory responses in gingival tissues and destroyed host alveolar bone. Microarray analysis revealed that 42 genes were upregulated, and 22 genes were downregulated in the detected 1786 genes in the inoculated P.gingivalis W83. Products of these upregulated and downregulated genes are mainly related to transposon functions, cell transmembrane transportation, protein and nucleic acid metabolism, energy metabolism, cell division and bacterial pathogenicity.P.gingivalis W83 has a pathogenic effect on host oral cavity. Meanwhile, inflammatory oral environment alters P.gingivalis W83 gene expression profile. These changes in gene expression may limit the proliferation and weaken the pathogenicity of P.gingivalis W83, and favor themselves to adapt local environment for survival. 3 samples were picked up from wild strain P.gingivalis W83 and inoculated P.gingivalis W83, respectively. The total RNA was extracted and labeled with Klenow, and then hybridism with P.gingivalis W83 chip. The commercial GeneChip P.gingivalis W83 Genome Array used here was provided by CapitalBio Corporation (http://www.capitalbio.com/en/index.asp, Beijing, China), a service provider authorized by Roche NimbleGen (Wisconsin, USA). Five replicates of the genome were included per chip. An average of 19 different 60-base oligonucleotides (60-mer probes) represented each gene in the genome. Array hybridization, washing, scanning and data analysis were performed at the CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing, China and carried out according to the NimbleGen’s Expression user’s guide. The arrays were scanned using MS200 scanner (NimbleGen), and NimbleScan software (NimbleGen) was used to extract fluorescent intensity raw data from the scanned images. The expression data of probes were normalized using quantile normalization and expression data of genes were generated using the Robust Multichip Average (RMA) algorithm. In a comparison analysis, two class unpaired method in the Significant Analysis of Microarray software (SAM, version 3.02) was performed to identify significantly differentially expressed genes between TEST and CONTROL groups. Genes were determined to be significantly differentially expressed with a selection threshold of false discovery rate, FDR<5% and fold change＞2.0 in the SAM output result.

Project description:Preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes is crucial for maternal and child health. Periodontal disease is a risk factor for many systemic diseases including adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. In addition, the administration of the periodontopathic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates obesity, glucose tolerance, and hepatic steatosis and alters endocrine function in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, the effects of having periodontal disease during pregnancy remain unclear. Thus, this study investigates the effect of P. gingivalis administration on obesity, liver, and BAT during pregnancy. Sonicated P. gingivalis (Pg) or saline (Co) was injected intravenously and administered orally to pregnant C57BL/6J mice three times per week. Maternal body weight and fetal body weight on embryonic day (ED) 18 were evaluated. Microarray analysis and qPCR in the liver and BAT and hepatic and plasma triglyceride quantification were performed on dams at ED 18. The body weight of Pg dams was heavier than that of Co dams; however, the fetal body weight was decreased in the offspring of Pg dams. Microarray analysis revealed 254 and 53 differentially expressed genes in the liver and BAT, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis exhibited the downregulation of fatty acid metabolism gene set in the liver and estrogen response early/late gene sets in the BAT, whereas inflammatory response and IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling gene sets were upregulated both in the liver and BAT. The downregulation of expression levels of Lpin1, Lpin2, and Lxra in the liver, which are associated with triglyceride synthesis, and a decreasing trend in hepatic triglyceride of Pg dams were observed. P. gingivalis administration may alter lipid metabolism in the liver. Overall, the intravenous and oral administration of sonicated P. gingivalis-induced obesity and modified gene expression in the liver and BAT in pregnant mice and caused fetuses to be underweight.

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Porphyromonas gingivalis alters gene expressions in the liver and brown adipose tissue, and induces gestational obesity and underweight of fetus in pregnant mice [Liver]

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