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CALR frameshift mutations accelerate maturation of megakaryocytes in MPN patient-derived iPS cells

ABSTRACT: In this dataset, we compare the gene expression data of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived CD61+ megakaryocytes carrying heterozygous or homozygous Calreticulin (CALR) ins5 mutations or the CALR wildtype gene.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE182479 | GEO | 2021/10/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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CALR frameshift mutations accelerate maturation of megakaryocytes in MPN patient-derived iPS cells

Project description:CALR frameshift mutations accelerate maturation of megakaryocytes in MPN patient-derived iPS cells

| PRJNA756365 | ENA

CALR frameshift mutations in MPN patient-derived iPSCs accelerate maturation of megakaryocytes.

Project description:Calreticulin (CALR) mutations are driver mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), leading to activation of the thrombopoietin receptor and causing abnormal megakaryopoiesis. Here, we generated patient-derived CALRins5- or CALRdel52-positive induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to establish an MPN disease model for molecular and mechanistic studies. We demonstrated myeloperoxidase deficiency in granulocytic cells derived from homozygous CALR mutant iPSCs, rescued by repairing the mutation using CRISPR/Cas9. iPSC-derived megakaryocytes showed characteristics of primary megakaryocytes such as formation of demarcation membrane system and cytoplasmic pro-platelet protrusions. Importantly, CALR mutations led to enhanced megakaryopoiesis and accelerated megakaryocytic development in a thrombopoietin-independent manner. Mechanistically, our study identified differentially regulated pathways in mutated versus unmutated megakaryocytes, such as hypoxia signaling, which represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Altogether, we demonstrate key aspects of mutated CALR-driven pathogenesis dependent on its zygosity, and found novel therapeutic targets, making our model a valuable tool for clinical drug screening in MPNs.

| S-EPMC8581168 | biostudies-literature

Whole-genome CRISPR screening identifies N-glycosylation as an essential pathway and a potential novel therapeutic target in CALR-mutant MPN (Pooled CRISPR Screen).

Project description:Calreticulin (CALR) mutations are frequent, disease-initiating events in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Although the biological mechanism by which CALR mutations cause MPN has been elucidated, there currently are no clonally selective therapies for CALR-mutant MPN. To identify unique genetic dependencies in CALR-mutant MPN, we performed a whole-genome CRISPR knockout depletion screen in mutant CALR-transformed hematopoietic cells. We found that genes in the N-glycosylation pathway (amongst others) were differentially depleted in mutant CALR-transformed cells as compared with control cells. Using a focused pharmacological screen targeting unique vulnerabilities uncovered in the CRISPR screen, we found that chemical inhibition of N-glycosylation impaired the growth of mutant CALR-transformed cells in vitro. We treated Calr-mutant knockin mice with the N-glycosylation inhibitor, 2-deoxy-glucose (2-DG), and found a preferential sensitivity of Calr-mutant cells to 2-DG as compared to wild-type cells, and a normalization of key MPN disease features. These findings advance the development of clonally selective treatments for CALR-mutant MPN.

2022-09-21 | GSE203455 | GEO

Proinflammatory phenotype of iPS cell-derived JAK2 V617F megakaryocytes induces fibrosis in 3D in vitro bone marrow niche

Project description:In this dataset, we determine the global gene expression in human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived CD61+ megakaryocytes carrying homozygous JAK2 V617F mutation or the JAK2 wildtype gene.

2024-01-25 | GSE228092 | GEO

Targeting the CALR Interactome in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Project description:Mutations in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone calreticulin (CALR) are common in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients, activate the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL), and mediate constitutive JAK/STAT signaling. The mechanisms by which CALR mutations cause myeloid transformation are incompletely defined. We employed mass spectrometry proteomics to identify novel CALR-mutant interacting proteins. Mutant CALR caused mislocalization of binding partners and increased recruitment of FLI1, ERP57 and CALR to the MPL promoter to enhance transcription. CALR 52 mutant was also found to increase genome-wide recruitment of Fli1 to the chromatin. Overall, these results show that type 1 CALR mutant modulates Fli1 cellular localization and recruitment.

2018-09-19 | GSE120134 | GEO

Whole-genome CRISPR screening identifies N-glycosylation as an essential pathway and a potential novel therapeutic target in CALR-mutant MPN (Whole Genome CRISPR Screen).

2022-09-21 | GSE203456 | GEO

CALR mutation-induced transcriptional changes in cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells

Project description:Recurrent mutations in calreticulin (CALR) are present in 70-80% of JAK2 unmutated myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Current models of CALR mutant MPNs are mainly based on cancer cell lines with ectopic overexpression or transgenic mouse models with a lack of data for primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with endogenous CALR expression. Thus, we developed a CRISPR/Cas9 and AAV6-mediated knock-in approach to introduce the two most common CALR mutations (52 bp deletion, DEL; 5 bp insertion, INS) at the endogenous gene locus in human cord blood-derived HSPCs. We used these cells to investigate transcriptional changes induced upon CALR mutation acquisition in HSPCs in a prospective manner by performing RNA-sequencing 4 days after CRISPR-mediated knock-in.

2023-01-09 | GSE195705 | GEO

Expression data from C. elegans harboring type 1-like and type 2-like calreticulin mutations of MPN patients

Project description:There is growing evidence that Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are blood cancers in which multiple molecular mechanisms are significantly disturbed. Since their discovery in 2016, CALR (calreticulin) type 1 and type 2 driver mutations have been demonstrated to trigger pathogenic mechanisms apart from the well-documented activation of JAK2/MPL-related pathways affecting these diseases. C. elegans seems to be a suitable model for the study of these mechanisms since they have a CALR ortholog (crt-1) but have no JAK or MPL ortholog. We used microarrays in C. elegans strains harboring patient-like calreticulin mutations to identify JAK/MPL-independent molecular mechanisms derived from mutant calreticulin and identified a significant disruption of some of the typically altered biological processes in cancer and Ph-negative MPN patients. Finally, we compared the expression of the genes participating in these processes with a calreticulin knockout strain in order to examine if the alteration of these processes is a consequence of a gain or a loss of function of the mutant protein.

2023-01-09 | GSE201599 | GEO

Oncogenic CALR Mutant C-terminus Mediates Dual Binding to the Thrombopoietin Receptor Triggering Complex Dimerization and Activation

Project description:Calreticulin (CALR) is a master lectin chaperone that guides the proper folding of integral membrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. In healthy cells, CALR transiently and non-specifically interacts with thousands of immature N-glycosylated proteins through its N-terminal glycan-binding domain. Conversely, frameshift mutants of CALR turn into rogue cytokine by acquiring the ability to stably and specifically interact with the Thrombopoietin Receptor (TpoR). Strikingly, this interaction induces activation of TpoR leading to myeloproliferative neoplasms, blood cancers resulting from the overproduction of blood cells. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we unveil how the CALR frameshift mutations result in structural overhaul of the entire protein and identify the structural basis of its acquired specificty for TpoR. We further describe the mechanisms by zhich complex formation triggers TpoR dimerization and activation. In addition, we provide the first complete dynamic conformational footprints of both wild-type and mutant CALR and identify novel potentially targetable sites.

2023-04-11 | PXD034131 | Pride

CALR-mutated cells are vulnerable to combined inhibition of the proteasome and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response

Project description:Cancer is driven by somatic mutations that provide a fitness advantage. While targeted therapies often focus on the mutated gene or its direct downstream effectors, imbalances brought on by cell-state alterations may also confer unique vulnerabilities. In myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), somatic mutations in the calreticulin (CALR) gene are disease-initiating through aberrant binding of mutant CALR to the thrombopoietin receptor MPL and ligand-independent activation of JAK-STAT signaling. Despite these mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of CALR-mutant MPN, there are currently no mutant CALR-selective therapies available. Here, we identified differential upregulation of unfolded and ubiquitinylated proteins, the proteasome and the ER stress response in CALR-mutant hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitors. We further found that combined pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome and IRE1-XBP1 axis of the ER stress response preferentially targets Calr-mutated stem and progenitors over wild-type cells in vivo, resulting in an amelioration in the MPN phenotype. Together, these findings leverage loss of proteostasis in Calr-mutant MPN to identify combinatorial dependencies that may be targeted for therapeutic benefit.

2023-10-12 | GSE207684 | GEO

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