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Transcriptome shifts triggered by vitamin A and SCD genotype interaction in Duroc pigs

ABSTRACT: Background The composition of intramuscular fat depends on genetic and environmental factors, including the diet. In pigs, we identified a haplotype of three SNP mutations in the steaoryl-coA desaturase (SCD) gene promoter associated with higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids in intramuscular fat. The second of these three SNPs (rs80912566, C>T) affected a putative retinol response element in the SCD promoter. The effect of dietary vitamin A restriction over intramuscular fat content is controversial in pigs as it seems to depend on the genetic line and the duration of the restriction. This study aims to investigate changes in the muscle transcriptome in SCD rs80912566_TT and CC pigs fed with and without vitamin A supplement during the fattening period. Results Vitamin A did not affect carcass fattening traits and fatty acid composition in muscle, but we observed an interaction between vitamin A and SCD genotype on the desaturation of muscle fatty acids. The diet without vitamin A supplement tended to enlarge the compositional differences between genotypes. The interaction between diet and genotype was also evident at the transcriptome level, the highest number of differentially expressed genes were detected between SCD rs80912566_TT pigs fed with the two diets. Conclusions Restricting dietary vitamin A during the fattening period did not improve intramuscular fat content despite relevant changes in muscle gene expression, both in coding and non-coding genes. Despite this, there was a significant interaction between the SCD genotype and the dietary vitamin A, which affected the quality of the meat through a change in the saturation index of intramuscular fat and activated general pathways of retinol response in a SCD genotype-dependant manner.

ORGANISM(S): Sus scrofa

PROVIDER: GSE183909 | GEO | 2021/09/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: Marketing products with added-value characteristics is a current trend in livestock production systems. Regarding meat, selection for intramuscular fat and muscular fatty acid composition is a way to improve the palatability and juiciness of meat while assuring a healthy fat content. This represents selecting animal with a different muscular metabolic profile with respect to the extended selection of lean animals. Results: The present study has analysed the muscular gene expression profiles of 68 commercial Duroc pigs belonging to two groups with extreme phenotypes for traits strongly related with lipid deposition and composition. This has allowed us to compare the physiological and metabolic implications of selecting for each of these extreme groups. Rather than upregulation of a single pathway, the main differences lied on the transcriptional levels of genes related with lipogenesis and lipolysis, revealing the existence of a cycle where triacylglycerols are continuously synthesized and degraded. Most strikingly, several genes which enhanced fatty acid Î²-oxidation and favoured insulin signalling and glucose uptake were upregulated in the fattest animals, indicating that the events leading to peripheral insulin resistance in humans with increased levels of intramuscular fat and obesity do not take place in these pigs. Moreover, neither was detected the well-characterised low-grade inflammatory state observed in overweighed humans. Conclusion: As a whole, our data suggest that selection for increasing intramuscular fat content in pigs would lead to a shift but not a disruption of the metabolic homeostasis of muscle cells. Future studies on the post-translational changes affecting protein activity or expression as well as information about protein location within the cell would be needed to fully understand how lipid deposition affects muscle physiology in pigs. 68 gluteus medius samples form 68 animals belonging to two groups of 34 animals each: HIGH group had higher carcass, plasma and muscle fat content; LOW group had lower carcass, plasma and muscle fat content

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Transcriptome shifts triggered by vitamin A and SCD genotype interaction in Duroc pigs

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