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Perturbation of TET2 condensation induces genome-wide promiscuous DNA hypomethylation and curtails leukemia cell growth

ABSTRACT: The Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET)-mediated DNA modification pathway is intimately involved in transcriptional regulation. As the major catalytic product of TET enzymes, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is enriched at selected enhancers in a tissue specific manner, with the underlying mechanism yet to be clarified. Here, we report a low complexity insert (LCI) domain within the TET2 catalytic domain that facilitates TET2 condensation and enables its precise chromatin binding, which leads to DNA demethylation at specific genomic regions. Perturbation of TET2 condensation results in promiscuous DNA demethylation that accounts for large-scale topological changes in the genome, which alter the expression of genes that associated with patient survival and ultimately suppresses leukemia cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Our study illuminates a previously neglected liquid-like condensation property of TET2 in gene regulation and explores the potential of targeting biomolecular condensation of epigenetic enzymes for effective cancer intervention.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE183934 | GEO | 2024/06/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytsosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). 5fC/5caC can be excised and repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathway, implicating 5mC oxidation in active DNA demethylation. Genome-wide DNA methylation is erased in the transition from metastable states to ground state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and in migrating primordial germ cells (PGCs), while some resistant regions become demethylated only in gonadal PGCs. Understanding the mechanisms underlying global hypomethylation in naïve ESCs and developing PGCs will be useful for realizing cellular pluripotency and totipotency. In this study, we found that PRDM14, the PR-domain-containing transcriptional regulator, accelerates the TET-BER cycle, resulting in the promotion of active DNA demethylation in ESCs. Induction of PRDM14 expression rapidly removed the 5mC associated with transient elevation of 5hmC at pluripotency-associated genes, germline-specific genes, and imprinted loci but not across the entire genome, which resemble second wave of DNA demethylation in gonadal PGCs. PRDM14 physically interacts with TET1/TET2 and enhances the recruitment of TET1/TET2 at target loci. Knockdown of Tet1/Tet2 impaired transcriptional regulation and DNA demethylation by PRDM14. The repression of the BER pathway by administration of pharmacological inhibitors against APE1 and PARP1 and the knockdown of thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) also impaired DNA demethylation by PRDM14. Furthermore, DNA demethylation induced by PRDM14 normally takes place in the presence of aphidicolin, which is an inhibitor of G1/S progression. Together, our analysis provides mechanistic insight into DNA demethylation in naive pluripotent stem cells and developing PGCs. To investigate the function of TET1/TET2 in transcriptional regulation by PRDM14 in ESCs, we exploited microarray analysis using total mRNA derived from Scramble, Scramble + PRDM14, Tet1/Tet2 KD, Tet1/Tet2 KD + PRDM14 mouse ESC.

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Perturbation of TET2 condensation induces genome-wide promiscuous DNA hypomethylation and curtails leukemia cell growth

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