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NatB impacts growth and the response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE186325 | GEO | 2021/10/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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NatB impacts growth and the response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis

Project description:NatB impacts growth and the response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis

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Downregulation of N-terminal initiator methionine imprinting by NatB impacts growth and the response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis

Project description:N-terminal acetylation (NTA) is one of the most abundant protein modifications in eukaryotes and is catalyzed in humans by seven Nα-acetyltransferases (NatA-F and NatH). Remarkably, the characterization of the plant Nat machinery and its biological relevance is still in its infancy, although NTA has gained recognition as key regulator of crucial processes like protein turnover, protein-protein interaction and protein targeting. In this study we combined in vitro assays, reverse genetics, quantitative N-terminomics, transcriptomics and physiological assays to characterize the Arabidopsis NatB complex. We show that the plant NatB catalytic (NAA20) and auxiliary subunit (NAA25) form a stable heterodimeric complex that accepts canonical NatB-type substrates in vitro. In planta, NatB complex formation was essential for enzymatic activity. Depletion of NatB subunits to 30% of wild-type level in three Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants (naa20-1, naa20-2, naa25-1) decreased growth to 50% of wild-type level. A complementation approach revealed functional conservation between plant and human catalytic NatB subunits, while yeast NAA20 failed to complement naa20-1. Quantitative N-terminomics of approximately 2000 peptides identified 29 bona fide substrates of the plant NatB. In vivo, NatB preferentially acetylated N-termini starting with the initiator methionine followed by acidic amino acids and contributed 20% of the acetylation marks in the detected plant proteome. The global transcriptome and proteome analyses of NatB-depleted mutants suggested a function of NatB in multiple stress responses. In agreement, we revealed the specific impact of NatB on the resistance of plants to osmotic or high-salt stress. Remarkably, depletion of NatA did not affect these resistances.

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AtSK11 and AtSK12 Mediate the Mild Osmotic Stress-Induced Root Growth Response in Arabidopsis.

Project description:Although most osmotic stresses are harmful to plant growth and development, certain drought- or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced mild osmotic stresses promote plant root growth. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of this response remain elusive. Here, we report that the GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 (GSK3) genes ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA SHAGGY-RELATED KINASE 11 (AtSK11) (AT5G26751) and AtSK12 (AT3G05840) are involved in the mild osmotic stress (-0.4 MPa) response in Arabidopsis thaliana. When grown on plant medium infused with different concentrations of PEG to mimic osmotic stress, both wild-type (WT) and atsk11atsk12 plants showed stimulated root growth under mild osmotic stress (-0.4 MPa) but repressed root growth under relatively strong osmotic stress (-0.5, -0.6, -0.7 MPa) as compared to the mock condition (-0.25 MPa). The root growth stimulation of atsk11atsk12 was more sensitive to -0.4 MPa treatment than was that of WT, indicating that AtSK11 and AtSK12 inhibit the mild stress-induced root growth response. RNA-seq analysis of WT and atsk11atsk12 plants under three water potentials (-0.25 MPa, -0.4 MPa, -0.6 MPa) revealed 10 differentially expressed candidate genes mainly involved in cell wall homeostasis, which were regulated by AtSK11 and AtSK12 to regulate root growth in response to the mild stress condition (-0.4 MPa). Promoter motif and transcription factor binding analyses suggested that the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor bHLH69/LJRHL1-LIKE 2 (LRL2) may directly regulate the expression of most -0.4 MPa-responsive genes. These findings indicate that mild osmotic stress (-0.4 MPa) promotes plant growth and that the GSK3 family kinase genes AtSK11 and AtSK12 play a negative role in the induction of root growth in response to mild osmotic stress.

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Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

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Downregulation of N-terminal initiator methionine imprinting by NatB impacts growth and the response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis

Project description:Downregulation of N-terminal initiator methionine imprinting by NatB impacts growth and the response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis

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Multiome in the same cell revealed the impact of osmotic stress on Arabidopsis root tip development at single-cell level

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