Transcription Level Response of HEK-293T Cells to RfA1 Expression
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE186861 | GEO | 2021/11/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:RNAseq analysis of suprabasal cells in the epidermis of control and K10rtTA;TRESpastin (which depolymerize microtubules) at E16.5 were performed. We observed the premature differentiation of the barrier and increased actomyosin contractility in suprabasal differentiated cells upon microtubule disruption compared to control, and proved the increased actomyosin contractility caused by microtubule depolymerization leads to basal stem cell hyperproliferation during epidermal development.
2020-12-01 | GSE158785 | GEO
Project description:The densely packed centromeric heterochromatin at minor and major satellites is comprised of H3K9me2/3 histones, the heterochromatin protein HP1α and histone variants. In the present study we sought to determine the mechanisms by which condensed heterochromatin at major and minor satellites stabilized by the chromatin factor CFDP1 affects the activity of the small GTPase Ran as a requirement for spindle formation. CFDP1 co-localized with heterochromatin at major and minor satellites and was essential for the structural stability of centromeric heterochromatin. Loss of CENPA, HP1α and H2A.Z heterochromatin components resulted in decreased binding of the spindle nucleation facilitator RCC1 to minor and major satellite repeats. Decreased RanGTP levels as a result of diminished RCC1 binding interfered with chromatin-mediated microtubule nucleation at the onset of mitotic spindle formation. Rescuing chromatin H2A.Z levels in cells and mice lacking CFDP1 through knock-down of the histone chaperone ANP32E not only partially restored RCC1 dependent RanGTP levels but also alleviated CFDP1-knockout related craniofacial defects and increased microtubule nucleation in CFDP1/ANP32E co-silenced cells. Together, these studies provide evidence for a direct link between condensed heterochromatin at major and minor satellites and microtubule nucleation through the chromatin protein CFDP1.
2024-03-02 | GSE259307 | GEO
Project description:Aberrant centrosome organization with ensuing alterations of microtubule nucleation enables tumor cells to proliferate and invade despite increased genomic instability. CEP192 is a key factors in the initiation process of centrosome duplication and in the control of centrosome microtubule nucleation. However, regulatory means of CEP192 have remained unknown. Here we report that FBXL13, a binding determinant of SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-Box)-family E3 ubiquitin ligases, is enriched at centrosomes and interacts with the centrosomal proteins Centrin-2, Centrin-3, CEP152, and CEP192. Among these, CEP192 is specifically targeted for proteasomal degredation by FBXL13. Accordingly, induced FBXL13 expression downregulates centrosomal γ-tubulin, and disrupts centrosomal microtubule arrays. In addition, depletion of FBXL13 induces high levels of CEP192 and γ-tubulin at the centrosomes corresponding to defects in cell motility. Together, we characterize FBXL13 as a novel regulator of microtubule nucleation activity and highlight a role in promoting cell motility with potential tumor-promoting implications.
2018-01-16 | PXD008310 | Pride
Project description:To ensure an even segregation of chromosomes during somatic cell division, eukaryotes rely on specific microtubule structures called mitotic spindles. There are however striking differences in overall spindle organization among eukaryotic super groups, and in particular little is known about how spindle architecture is determined in plants. As a foundation for our work, we have measured prime characteristics of Arabidopsis mitotic spindles and built a three-dimensional dynamic model of the Arabidopsis mitotic spindle using Cytosim. Next, we identified the cell-cycle regulator CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE B1 (CDKB1) together with its cyclin partner CYCB3;1 as key regulators of spindle shape and organization in Arabidopsis. Loss of CDKB1 function resulted in a high number of astral microtubules that are normally absent from plant spindles, as opposed to animal ones. We identified an augmin complex member, ENDOSPERM DEFECTIVE1 (EDE1), as a substrate of the CDKB1;1-CYCB3;1 complex. A non-phosphorylatable mutant of EDE1 displayed spindles with extended pole-to-pole distance, resembling the phenotypes of cycb3;1 and cdkb1 mutants, and the mutated EDE1 associated less efficiently with spindle microtubules. Consistently, reducing the level of augmin in Cytosim simulations largely recapitulated the spindle phenotypes observed in cycb3;1 and cdkb1 mutants. Our results emphasize the importance of cell cycle-dependent phospho-control of the mitotic spindle in plant cells. They also support the validity of our computational model as a framework for the exploration of mechanisms controlling the organization of plant spindles
2024-08-27 | PXD046697 | Pride
Project description:γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) is the major microtubule-nucleating factor. After nucleation, microtubules can be released from γ-TuRC and stabilized by other proteins, such as CAMSAPs, but the biochemical cross-talk between minus-end regulation pathways is poorly understood. Here, we reconstituted this process in vitro using purified components. We found that all CAMSAPs could bind to the minus-ends of γ-TuRC-attached microtubules. CAMSAP2 and CAMSAP3, which decorate and stabilize growing minus ends, but not the minus-end tracking protein CAMSAP1 induced microtubule release from γ-TuRC. CDK5RAP2, a γ-TuRC-interactor, and CLASP2, a regulator of microtubule growth, strongly stimulated γ-TuRC-dependent microtubule nucleation, but only CDK5RAP2 suppressed CAMSAP binding to γ-TuRC-anchored minus ends and their release. CDK5RAP2 also improved selectivity of γ-tubulin-containing complexes for 13- rather than 14-protofilament microtubules in microtubule-capping assays. Knockout and overexpression experiments in cells showed that CDK5RAP2 inhibits formation of CAMSAP2-bound microtubules detached from the microtubule-organizing center. We conclude that CAMSAPs can release newly nucleated microtubules from γ-TuRC, whereas nucleation-promoting factors can differentially regulate this process.
2024-01-30 | PXD048637 | Pride
Project description:Centrosome amplification has long been recognized as a feature of human tumors, however its role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Centrosome amplification is poorly tolerated by non-transformed cells, and, in the absence of selection, extra centrosomes are spontaneously lost. Thus, the high frequency of centrosome amplification, particularly in more aggressive tumors, raises the possibility that extra centrosomes could, in some contexts, confer advantageous characteristics that promote tumor progression. Using a three-dimensional model system and other approaches to culture human mammary epithelial cells, we find that centrosome amplification triggers cell invasion. This invasive behavior is similar to that induced by overexpression of the breast cancer oncogene ErbB2 and indeed enhances invasiveness triggered by ErbB2. We show that, through increased centrosomal microtubule nucleation, centrosome amplification increases Rac1 activity, which disrupts normal cell-cell adhesion and promotes invasion. These findings demonstrate that centrosome amplification, a structural alteration of the cytoskeleton, can promote features of malignant transformation. genome-wide human SNP 6.0 arrays from Affymetrix was used to determine the copy number changes of MCF10A cells with extra centrosomes or depleted of MCAK after grown 4 days in 3-D cultures
2014-03-01 | E-GEOD-55042 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Centrosome amplification has long been recognized as a feature of human tumors, however its role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Centrosome amplification is poorly tolerated by non-transformed cells, and, in the absence of selection, extra centrosomes are spontaneously lost. Thus, the high frequency of centrosome amplification, particularly in more aggressive tumors, raises the possibility that extra centrosomes could, in some contexts, confer advantageous characteristics that promote tumor progression. Using a three-dimensional model system and other approaches to culture human mammary epithelial cells, we find that centrosome amplification triggers cell invasion. This invasive behavior is similar to that induced by overexpression of the breast cancer oncogene ErbB2 and indeed enhances invasiveness triggered by ErbB2. We show that, through increased centrosomal microtubule nucleation, centrosome amplification increases Rac1 activity, which disrupts normal cell-cell adhesion and promotes invasion. These findings demonstrate that centrosome amplification, a structural alteration of the cytoskeleton, can promote features of malignant transformation.
2014-03-01 | GSE55042 | GEO
Project description:Microtubules (MTs) are fundamental to cellular architecture, function and organismal development. They are nucleated from microtubule organizing centres by the evolutionary conserved ?-tubulin ring complex (?TuRC). However, the molecular mechanism of nucleation remains elusive. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to determine the structure of the native ?TuRC capping the minus end of a MT in the context of enriched budding yeast spindles. In our structure, ?TuRC presents a ring of ?-tubulin subunits to seed nucleation of exclusively 13-protofilament microtubules, and it adopts an active closed conformation to function as a perfect geometric template for MT nucleation. Our cryo-ET reconstruction also revealed that a novel coiled-coil protein staples the first row of ?/?-tubulin molecules to alternating positions along the ?-tubulin ring. This positioning of ?/?-tubulin onto ?TuRC suggests a role for the coiled-coil protein in augmenting ?TuRC-mediated microtubule nucleation. Based on our results we describe a molecular model for budding yeast ?TuRC activation and MT nucleation.
2024-03-05 | PXD050372 | Pride
Project description:Centrosomes control cell motility, polarity and migration that are thought to be mediated by their microtubule-organizing capacity. In this study we demonstrate that WNT signalling drives a distinct form of non-directional cell motility that requires a key centrosome module, but not microtubules or centrosomes. Upon exosome mobilization of Planar Cell Polarity proteins, we show that DVL2 orchestrates recruitment of a CEP192-PLK4/AURKB complex to the cell cortex where PLK4/AURKB act redundantly to drive protrusive activity and cell motility. This is mediated by coordination of formin-dependent actin remodelling through displacement of cortically localized DAAM1 for DAAM2. Furthermore, abnormal expression of PLK4, AURKB and DAAM1 is associated with poor outcomes in breast and bladder cancers. Thus, a centrosomal module plays an atypical function in WNT signalling and actin nucleation that is critical for cancer cell motility and is associated with more aggressive cancers. These studies have broad implications in how contextual signalling controls distinct modes of cell migration.
2019-04-26 | GSE129871 | GEO
Project description:Spc110 is an essential component of the spindle pole body (SPB), the yeast equivalent of the centrosome, that recruits the gamma-tubulin complex to the nuclear side of SPB to form the mitotic spindle. Here we identify two phosphosites (S11 and S36) in old (from maternal origin) Spc110. Yeast expressing non-phosphorylatable Spc110S11AS36A were sensitive to the microtubule depolymerizing drug benomyl. In an undisturbed cell cycle, Spc110S11AS36A cells had normal spindles and cell cycle progression until late anaphase. However, Spc110S11AS36A cells were delayed in late-anaphase and presented elevated levels of Cdc14, a protein phosphatase required for mitotic exit, at the SPBs. Thus, we propose that the S11 and S36 phosphosites of Spc110 regulate Cdc14 localization at the SPBs for timely mitotic exit.
2023-04-03 | PXD033085 | JPOST Repository