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STAG2 promotes the myelination transcriptional program in oligodendrocytes [Hi-C]

ABSTRACT: Cohesin folds chromosomes via DNA loop extrusion. Cohesin-mediated chromosome loops regulate transcription by shaping long-range enhancer-promoter interactions, among other mechanisms. Mutations of cohesin subunits and regulators cause human developmental diseases termed cohesinopathy. Vertebrate cohesin consists of SMC1, SMC3, RAD21, and either STAG1 or STAG2. To probe the physiological functions of cohesin, we created conditional knockout (cKO) mice with Stag2 deleted in the nervous system. Stag2 cKO mice exhibit growth retardation, neurological defects, and premature death, in part due to insufficient myelination of nerve fibers. Stag2 cKO oligodendrocytes exhibit delayed maturation and downregulation of myelinationrelated genes. Stag2 loss reduces promoter-anchored loops at downregulated genes in oligodendrocytes. Thus, STAG2-cohesin generates promoter-anchored loops at myelinationpromoting genes to facilitate their transcription. Our study implicates defective myelination as a contributing factor to cohesinopathy and establishes oligodendrocytes as a relevant cell type to explore the mechanisms by which cohesin regulates transcription.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE186893 | GEO | 2022/08/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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STAG2 promotes the myelination transcriptional program in oligodendrocytes [scRNA-seq]

Project description:Cohesin folds chromosomes via DNA loop extrusion. Cohesin-mediated chromosome loops regulate transcription by shaping long-range enhancer-promoter interactions, among other mechanisms. Mutations of cohesin subunits and regulators cause human developmental diseases termed cohesinopathy. Vertebrate cohesin consists of SMC1, SMC3, RAD21, and either STAG1 or STAG2. To probe the physiological functions of cohesin, we created conditional knockout (cKO) mice with Stag2 deleted in the nervous system. Stag2 cKO mice exhibit growth retardation, neurological defects, and premature death, in part due to insufficient myelination of nerve fibers. Stag2 cKO oligodendrocytes exhibit delayed maturation and downregulation of myelinationrelated genes. Stag2 loss reduces promoter-anchored loops at downregulated genes in oligodendrocytes. Thus, STAG2-cohesin generates promoter-anchored loops at myelinationpromoting genes to facilitate their transcription. Our study implicates defective myelination as a contributing factor to cohesinopathy and establishes oligodendrocytes as a relevant cell type to explore the mechanisms by which cohesin regulates transcription.

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STAG2 promotes the myelination transcriptional program in oligodendrocytes [ChIP-seq]

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Combined Cohesin-Runx1 Deficiency Synergistically Perturbs Chromatin Looping and Causes Myelodysplastic Syndromes [RNA-seq]

Project description:STAG2 encodes a cohesin component and is frequently mutated in myeloid neoplasms, showing highly significant co-mutation patterns with other drivers, including RUNX1. However, the molecular basis of cohesin-mutated leukemogenesis remains poorly understood. Here we show a critical role of an interplay between Stag2 and Runx1 in the regulation of enhancer-promoter looping and transcription in hematopoiesis. Combined loss of Stag2 and Runx1, which co-localize at enhancer-rich, Ctcf-deficient sites, synergistically attenuates enhancer-promoter loops, particularly at sites enriched for RNA polymerase II and Mediator, and deregulates gene expression, leading to myeloid-skewed expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Attenuated enhancer-promoter loops in Stag2/Runx1-deficient cells are associated with downregulation of genes with high basal transcriptional pausing, which are important for the regulation of HSPCs.　Down-regulation of high-pausing genes is also confirmed in STAG2/cohesin-mutated primary AML/MDS samples. Our results highlight a unique STAG2/RUNX1 interplay in gene regulation and provide insights into cohesin-mutated leukemogenesis.

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STAG2 mutations and 3D genome organization, chromatin loops, and polycomb signaling in glioblastoma multiforme

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Cohesin is a key determinant of interphase chromosome domain architecture (HiC)

Project description:To ensure proper gene regulation within constrained nuclear space, chromosomes facilitate access to transcribed regions, while compactly packaging all other information. Recent studies revealed that chromosomes are organized into megabase-scale domains that demarcate active and inactive genetic elements, suggesting that compartmentalization is important for genome function. Here we show that very specific long-range interactions are anchored by cohesin/CTCF sites, but not cohesin-only or CTCF-only sites, to form a hierarchy of chromosomal loops. These loops demarcate topological domains and form intricate internal structures within them. Post-mitotic nuclei deficient for functional cohesin exhibit global architectural changes associated with loss of cohesin/CTCF contacts and relaxation of topological domains. Transcriptional analysis shows that this cohesin-dependent perturbation of domain organization leads to widespread gene deregulation of both cohesin-bound and non-bound genes. Our data thereby support a role for cohesin in the global organization of domain structure and suggest that domains function to stabilize the transcriptional programs within them. Hi-C, ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq experiments were conducted in mouse neural stem cells and mouse astrocytes

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