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Astrocyte proximity modulates the myelination gene fabric of oligodendrocytes

ABSTRACT: Extensive literature documented that astrocytes release neurotransmitters, cytokines and other signaling molecules that modulate migration, maturation and myelin synthesis of oligodendrocytes through mechanisms primarily converging on cytosolic [Ca2+] transients. Considering the long term effects, it is expected that astrocyte conditioned medium is a major regulator of gene expression in oligodendrocytes even in the absence of cytosol-to-cytosol communication via astrocyte-oligodendrocyte gap junction channels. Indeed, by comparing the transcriptomes of immortalized precursor oligodendrocyte (Oli-neu) cells when cultured alone and cocultured with non-touching astrocytes we found profound changes in gene expression level, control and networking. Remarkably, the astrocyte proximity was more effective in remodeling the myelination (MYE) gene fabric and its control by cytokine receptor (CYR) modulated intercellular Ca2+-signaling (ICS) transcriptomic network than the db-cAMP treatment induced transformation into myelin-associated glycoprotein-positive oligodendrocyte-like cells. Moreover, astrocyte proximity up-regulated 37 MYE genes and switched on another 14 MYE, 23 ICS and 4 CYR genes, enhancing the roles of the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor and connexins Cx29 and Cx47. The novel Prominent Gene Analysis identified enhancer of zeste homolog 2 as the most relevant MYE gene in the astrocyte proximity, notch gene homolog1 in control and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 in differentiated Oli-neu cells.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE18726 | GEO | 2009/10/27

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA121627

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:One way by which astrocytes modulate oligodendrocytes’ activity is by delivering neurotransmitters and leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif) in the medium that bind oligodendrocyte receptors. Most of these receptors are involved in intercellular Ca2+-signaling (ICS). However, not much is known about the interactions between myelination (MYE) and ICS genes and how astrocyte nearness modulates the oligodendrocyte genomic myelination fabric. We profiled the transcriptomes of immortalized oligodendrocyte precursor cells (Oli-neu) when cultured alone or co-cultured with cortical astrocytes. The astrocytes were plated in cell culture insert systems that did not allow formation of gap junction channels with oligodendrocytes but permitted exchange of soluble factors via the culture medium. Remarkably, astrocyte proximity induced a larger increase of the overall expression level and interlinkage of MYE genes than the differentiating 10d treatment with 1 mM dibutyryl cAMP that turns Oli-neu cells into myelin-associated glycoprotein-positive oligodendrocyte-like cells. Moreover, more MYE and ICS genes were turned on and fewer turned off by astrocyte proximity than by differentiating treatment. Lif receptor was up-regulated by astrocyte proximity but not by the differentiating treatment. We have identified the responsible transcriptomic networks by which the intercellular ICS gene web controls MYE gene web, with genes encoding the gap junction proteins (connexins, Cx) Cx29, Cx32 and Cx47 playing central roles. The novel Prominent Gene Analysis (that refines iteratively the functional webs to optimize the interconnectivity and expression stability of the associated genes) was used to select and rank the most relevant MYE and ICS genes and build the corresponding gene webs. Determine the modifications of the myelination transcriptome induced in Oli- neu control cells by differentiating treatment and proximity of cortical astrocytes. Four culture dishes of each of control, differentiated and in the astrocyte proximity Oli-neu cells were profiled using Duke mouse 30K and 36k oligonucleotide arrays in the "multiple yellow" hybrization design.

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Astrocyte proximity modulates the myelination gene fabric of oligodendrocytes

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