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STAT3 protects from liver injury and fibrosis in a mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis.

ABSTRACT: Background and aims: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is the main mediator of interleukin-6 type cytokine signaling required for hepatocyte proliferation and hepatoprotection but its role in sclerosing cholangitis (SC) and other cholestatic liver diseases remains unresolved. Methods: We investigated the role of Stat3 in inflammation-induced cholestatic liver injury and used mice lacking the multidrug resistance gene 2 (mdr2-/-) as a model for SC. Results: We demonstrate that conditional inactivation of stat3 in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes (stat3Δhc) of mdr2-/- mice strongly aggravated bile acid-induced liver injury and fibrosis. Similarly, stat3Δhc mice are more sensitive to cholic acid feeding than control mice. Global gene expression analysis demonstrated that hepatoprotective signals via epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 are affected upon loss of Stat3. Conclusions: Our data suggest that Stat3 protects cholangiocytes and hepatocytes from bile acid-induced damage thereby preventing liver fibrosis in cholestatic diseases.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE18759 | GEO | 2010/10/20

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA121603

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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STAT3 protects from liver injury and fibrosis in a mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis

Project description:Background and aims: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is the main mediator of interleukin-6 type cytokine signaling required for hepatocyte proliferation and hepatoprotection but its role in sclerosing cholangitis and other cholestatic liver diseases remains unresolved. Methods: We investigated the role of Stat3 in inflammation-induced cholestatic liver injury and used mice lacking the multidrug resistance gene 2 (mdr2-/-) as a model for SC. Results: We demonstrate that conditional inactivation of stat3 in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes (stat3 delta hc) of mdr2-/- mice strongly aggravated bile acid-induced liver injury and fibrosis. A similar phenotype was observed in mdr2-/- mice lacking IL-6 production. Biochemical and molecular characterization suggested that Stat3 exerts hepatoprotective functions in both, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Loss of Stat3 in cholangiocytes led to increased expression of TNFÎ± which might reduce the barrier function of bile ducts. Loss of Stat3 in hepatocytes led to upregulation of bile acid biosynthesis genes and downregulation of hepatoprotective epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling pathways. Consistently, stat3deltahc mice were more sensitive to cholic acid-induced liver damage than control mice. Conclusions: Our data suggest that Stat3 prevents cholestasis and liver damage in sclerosing cholangitis via regulation of pivotal functions in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Affymetrix microarray analyses was performed to identify metabolic and molecular pathways in stat3Dhc mdr2-/- mice that lead to cholestasis and bile acid-induced liver injury. To avoid false positive results that are due to differential cellular composition, we defined the onset of fibrosis and expression of fibrogenic factors in stat3Dhc mdr2-/- mice.

2010-10-20 | E-GEOD-18759 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Growth hormone resistance exacerbates cholestasis-induced murine liver fibrosis

Project description:Growth hormone (GH) resistance has been associated with liver cirrhosis in humans but its contribution to the disease remains controversial. In order to elucidate whether GH resistance plays a causal role in the establishment and development of liver fibrosis, or rather represents a major consequence thereof, we challenged mice lacking the Growth hormone receptor gene (Ghr-/-, a model for GH resistance) by crossing them with Mdr2 knockout mice (Mdr2-/-), a mouse model of inflammatory cholestasis and liver fibrosis. Ghr-/-;Mdr2-/- mice showed elevated serum markers associated with liver damage and cholestasis, extensive bile duct proliferation and increased collagen deposition relative to Mdr2 -/- mice, thus suggesting a more severe liver fibrosis phenotype. Additionally, Ghr-/-;Mdr2-/- mice had a pronounced down-regulation of hepato-protective genes Hnf6, Egfr and Igf-1, and significantly increased levels of ROS and apoptosis in hepatocytes, compared to control mice. Moreover, single knockout mice (Ghr-/-) fed with a diet containing 1% cholic acid displayed an increase in hepatocyte ROS production, hepatocyte apoptosis and bile infarcts compared to their wildtype littermates, indicating that loss of Ghr renders hepatocytes more susceptible to toxic bile acid accumulation. Surprisingly, and despite their severe fibrotic phenotype, Ghr-/-;Mdr2-/- mice displayed a significant decrease in tumour incidence compared to Mdr2-/- mice, indicating that loss of Ghr signaling may slow the progression from fibrosis/cirrhosis to cancer in the liver.

2020-06-20 | GSE58908 | GEO

Prominin-1-expressing Hepatic Progenitor Cells Induce Fibrogenesis in Murine Cholestatic Liver Injury

Project description:Purpose: Cholestatic liver injury is associated with intrahepatic biliary fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis. Resident hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) expressing Prominin-1 (Prom1/CD133) become activated and participate in the expansion of cholangiocytes known as the ductular reaction. Previously, we demonstrated that in biliary atresia, Prom1(+) HPCs are present within developing fibrosis and that null mutation of Prom1 significantly abrogates fibrogenesis. Here, we hypothesized that these activated Prom1-expressing HPCs promote fibrogenesis in cholestatic liver injury. Methods: Using Prom1CreERT2-nLacZ/+;Rosa26Lsl-GFP/+ mice, we traced the fate of Prom1-expressing HPCs in the growth of the neonatal and adult livers and in biliary fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Results: Prom1-expressing cell lineage labeling with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) on postnatal day 1 exhibited an expanded population as well as bipotent differentiation potential towards both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes at postnatal day 35. However, in the adult liver, they lost hepatocyte differentiation potential. Upon cholestatic liver injury, adult Prom1-expressing HPCs gave rise to both PROM1(+) and PROM1(-) cholangiocytes contributing to ductular reaction without hepatocyte or myofibroblast differentiation. RNA-sequencing analysis of GFP(+) Prom1-expressing HPC lineage revealed a persistent cholangiocyte phenotype and evidence of Transforming Growth Factor-b pathway activation. Conclusion: Our data indicate that Prom1-expressing HPCs promote biliary fibrosis by activation of myofibroblasts in cholestatic liver injury.

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Project description:Cholestasis is characterized by hepatic accumulation of cytotoxic bile acids (BAs), which often subsequentlyleads to liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately liver cirrhosis. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a liver secreted hormone with pleiotropic effects on the homeostasis of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism. However, whether hepatic FGF21 plays a role in cholestatic liver injury remains elusive. We found that serum and hepatic FGF21 levels were significantly increased in response to cholestatic liver injury. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Fgf21 exacerbated hepatic accumulation of BAs, further accentuating liver injury. Consistently, administration of rFGF21 ameliorated cholestatic liver injury in α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-treated and Mdr2 deficiency mice. Mechanically, FGF21 activated a hepatic FGFR4-JNK signaling pathway to decrease Cyp7a1 expression, thereby reducing hepatic BAs pool. Our study demonstrates that hepatic FGF21 functions as an adaptive stress-responsive signal to downregulate BA biosynthesis, thereby ameliorating cholestatic liver injury, and FGF21 analogs may represent a candidate therapy for cholestatic liver diseases.

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De novo formation of a functional biliary system by TGFβ-mediated hepatocyte transdifferentiation

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2018-05-14 | GSE108315 | GEO

A hepatocyte-specific transcriptional program driven by Rela and Stat3 exacerbates experimental colitis in mice by modulating bile synthesis

Project description:RelA and Stat3, often collaboratively, induce the synthesis of an array of factors,which orchestrate multiorgan crosstalk in health and diseases. RelA and Stat3 functions in theintestinal epithelial cells are known to tune colon inflammation. If their hepatic activity also impacts inflammation in the gut remains unclear. Here, we reveal that the combined deficiency of RelA and Stat3 specifically in hepatocytes ameliorates DSS-induced experimental colitis. Our transcriptomics analyses identified that they activated a hepatic gene program, which directed the expression of alternate bile synthesis pathway genes. Our metabolomics studies substantiated that an absence of RelA and Stat3 in hepatocytes led to a reduced accumulation of inflammatory bile acids, particularly chenodeoxycholic acid, not only in the liver but also in the gut. Indeed, knockout mice displayed a lessened expression of only in the liver but also in the gut. Indeed, knockout mice displayed a lessened expression of inflammatory cytokines and a diminished recruitment of inflammatory cells in the gut upon colitogenic insults; on the other hand, supplementing chenodeoxycholic acid was sufficient to restore the colitogenic sensitivity in these mice. In sum, we suggest that the engagement of inflammatory transcription factors in distant tissues promotes intestinal pathologies via metabolic wiring.

2024-06-23 | GSE243307 | GEO

Molecular and metabolic effects of norUDCA in Abcb4 knockout mice

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2011-02-02 | GSE26547 | GEO

RNA-sequencing with human liver organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells

Project description:We established a human liver organoid (HLO) based screening model for analyzing DILI pathology at organoid resolution. HLO contains polarized immature hepatocytes with bile canaliculi-like architecture, establishing the unidirectional bile acid transport pathway. Single cell RNAseq profiling identified diverse and zonal hepatocytic populations that in part emulate primary adult hepatocytes. By developing a 384 well based high-speed live imaging platform, we successfully developed a Liver organoid-based Toxicity screen (LoT) with multiplexed readouts measuring viability, cholestatic and/or mitochondrial toxicity. We functionally validated LoT with 238 marketed drugs at 4 different concentrations. LoT positively predicts genomic predisposition (CYP2C9*2) for Bosentan-induced cholestasis. Thus, LoT is a high-fidelity model for drug safety with a cost-effective platform, facilitating compound optimization, mechanistic study, and precision medicine as well as drug screening applications.

2020-10-18 | GSE141183 | GEO

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