Nonlinear control of transcription through promoter-enhancer interactions [RNA-seq]
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE188266 | GEO | 2021/11/05
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Chromosome structure in mammals is thought to regulate transcription by modulating spatial proximity between enhancers and promoters. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs remain elusive, and reports suggested moderate to no correlation between physical proximity and transcription. Whether and how chromosome structure is actually translated into transcriptional outputs thus remains unclear. Here we use a novel assay to position an enhancer at hundreds of different chromosomal sites relative to a fixed promoter and quantitatively measure promoter output.
2021-04-26 | GSE172253 | GEO
Project description:Chromosome structure in mammals is thought to regulate transcription by modulating spatial proximity between enhancers and promoters. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs remain elusive, and reports suggested moderate to no correlation between physical proximity and transcription. Whether and how chromosome structure is actually translated into transcriptional outputs thus remains unclear. Here we use a novel assay to position an enhancer at hundreds of different chromosomal sites relative to a fixed promoter and quantitatively measure promoter output.
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Project description:Chromosome structure in mammals is thought to regulate transcription by modulating spatial proximity between enhancers and promoters. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs remain elusive, and reports suggested moderate to no correlation between physical proximity and transcription. Whether and how chromosome structure is actually translated into transcriptional outputs thus remains unclear. Here we use a novel assay to position an enhancer at hundreds of different chromosomal sites relative to a fixed promoter and quantitatively measure promoter output.
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Project description:Physical proximity mapping through sequencing can provide an unbiased view of the chromatin close to the proximal promoter of the renin gene (Ren). Our objective was to determine genomic regions that physically interact with the renin proximal promoter, using two different genetic backgrounds, the Dahl salt sensitive and normotensive SS-13BN, which have been shown to have different regulation of plasma renin in vivo. The chromatin conformation capture method with sequencing focused at the Ren proximal promoter in rat-derived cardiac endothelial cells was used. Cells were fixed, chromatin close to the Ren promoter was captured, and fragments were sequenced. The clustering of mapped reads produced a genome-wide map of chromatin in contact with the Ren promoter. The largest number of contacts was found on chromosome 13, the chromosome with Ren, and contacts were found on all other chromosomes except chromosome X. These contacts were significantly enriched with genes positively correlated with Ren expression and with mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with blood pressure, cardiovascular and renal phenotypes. The results were reproducible in an independent biological replicate and in endothelial cells derived from a second rat stain. The findings reported here represent the first map between a critical cardiovascular gene and physical interacting loci throughout the genome, and will provide the basis for several new directions of research.
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Project description:The meiotic chromosome axis is a proteinaceous structure along which sister chromatids are arranged in a loop-base array during meiotic prophase I. In diverse species including plants, chromosome axis components have been shown to be critical for synapsis and meiotic recombination and hence essential for assuring the fidelity of meiosis. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the limited number of meiotic cells embedded in floral organs constrains proteomic approaches for the identification of new axis components. Therefore, we employed TurboID (TbID) based proximity labeling (PL) in meiotic cells of A. thaliana. The two axis proteins ASY1 and ASY3 were selected and ASY1-TbID and ASY3-TbID transgenic plants were generated to enable specific targeted biotin labeling of meiotic chromosome axis. ASY1-eYFP and nucTbID (TbID driven by UBQ10 promoter) were generated and used as controls. These lines were either treated or not with exogenous biotin followed by streptavidin affinity-purification coupled with mass spectrometry to identify their proximate candidate proteins. By stringent filtering a final candidates list was established which covered most of the known meiotic chromosome axis-related proteins and new proteins without a reported meiotic function. Functional validation of selected candidates and comparison with ASY1 AP-MS data (in Brassica oleracea) suggest the TbID based PL is a robust tool for identification of proximate proteins in meiotic cells of A. thaliana.
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Project description:The three-dimensional (3D) folding of the chromosomal fibre in the human interphase nucleus is an important, but poorly understood aspect of gene regulation. Especially basic principles of 3D chromatin and chromosome organisation are still elusive. In this paper, we quantitatively analyse the 3D structure of large parts of chromosomes 1 and 11 in the G1 nucleus of human cells and relate it to the human transcriptome map (HTM). Despite a considerable cell-to-cell variation, our results show that subchromosomal domains, which are highly expressed, are more decondensed, have a more irregular shape and are located in the nuclear interior compared to clusters of low expressed genes. These aspects of chromosome structure are shared by six different cell lines and therefore are independent of cell type specific differences in gene expression within the investigated domains. Systematic measurements show that there is little to no intermingling of chromatin from different parts of the same chromosome, indicating that the chromosomal fibre itself is a compact structure. Together, our results reveal several basic aspects of 3D chromosome architecture, which are related to genome function. Experiment Overall Design: The data sets presented here together with sample GSM153780, accompany the paper: "The 3D structure of human interphase chromosomes is related to the transcriptome mapâ by Goetze et al., (submitted). All cells were grown under standard conditions (see table below) and harvested at 70% confluency. Total RNA was isolated and analyzed on Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 to generate transcriptome maps.
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Project description:Nonlinear control of transcription through promoter-enhancer interactions
| PRJNA722525 | ENA
Project description:Enhancer-promoter dynamics are crucial for the spatiotemporal control of gene expression, but it remains unclear whether these dynamics are controlled by chromatin regulators, such as the nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex. The NuRD complex binds to all active enhancers to modulate transcription and here we use Hi-C experiments to show that it blurs TAD boundaries and increases the proximity of intermediate-range (~1 Mb) genomic sequences and enhancer-promoter interactions. To understand whether NuRD alters the dynamics of 3D genome structure, we developed an approach to segment and extract key biophysical parameters from 3D single-molecule trajectories of the NuRD complex determined using live-cell imaging. Unexpectedly, this revealed that the intact NuRD complex decompacts chromatin structure and makes NuRD-bound enhancers move faster, increasing the overall volume of the nucleus that these key regulatory regions explore. Interestingly, we also uncovered a rare fast-diffusing state of NuRD bound enhancers that exhibits directed motion. The NuRD complex reduces the amount of time that enhancers remain in this fast-diffusing state, which we propose might otherwise re-organise enhancer-promoter proximity.
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Project description:We quantitatively examine inputs and outputs of the mouse gut microbiome, using isotope tracing. To determine nutrient preferences across bacteria, we traced into genus-specific bacterial protein sequences. By in vivo isotope tracer feeding, mapped the contribution of different dietary nutrients vs circulating nutrients contribution to different gut bacterial genera.
2022-08-17 | PXD031015 | Pride
Project description:The three-dimensional (3D) folding of the chromosomal fibre in the human interphase nucleus is an important, but poorly understood aspect of gene regulation. Especially basic principles of 3D chromatin and chromosome organisation are still elusive. In this paper, we quantitatively analyse the 3D structure of large parts of chromosomes 1 and 11 in the G1 nucleus of human cells and relate it to the human transcriptome map (HTM). Despite a considerable cell-to-cell variation, our results show that subchromosomal domains, which are highly expressed, are more decondensed, have a more irregular shape and are located in the nuclear interior compared to clusters of low expressed genes. These aspects of chromosome structure are shared by six different cell lines and therefore are independent of cell type specific differences in gene expression within the investigated domains. Systematic measurements show that there is little to no intermingling of chromatin from different parts of the same chromosome, indicating that the chromosomal fibre itself is a compact structure. Together, our results reveal several basic aspects of 3D chromosome architecture, which are related to genome function. Keywords: cell line comparison
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