Bulk RNA of IL-4 and squalene treated MDM
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE188363 | GEO | 2021/11/09
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Squalene makes up 12 % of human skin surface lipids, however little is known about its affects on the host skin microbiome. Here we tested the effect of squalene on genetic regulation of staphylococci, showing that it profoundly affects expression virulence or colonisation determinants, and of iron uptake systems.
2018-06-30 | E-MTAB-6352 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Inflammation is one of the main pathological features leading to skin fibrosis and a key factor leading to the progression of skin fibrosis. Acidosis caused by a decrease in extracellular pH is a sign of the inflammatory process. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are ligand-gated ion channels on the cell membrane that sense the drop in extracellular pH. However, the molecular mechanisms by which skin fibroblasts are regulated by Acid-sensing ion channel 3(ASIC3) remain unknown. This study investigated whether ASIC3 is related to inflammation and skin fibrosis and explored the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrate that Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a direct target of ASIC3, and ASIC3 activation promotes M-CSF transcriptional regulation of macrophages for M2 polarization. The polarization of M2 macrophages transduced by the ASIC3-M-CSF signal promotes the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts through transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), thereby producing ASIC3-M-CSF-TGF-β1 positive feedback loop. Targeting ASIC3 may be a new treatment strategy for skin fibrosis.
2021-10-30 | GSE186739 | GEO
Project description:<p>Macrophages play a critical role in the inflammatory response and tumor development. Macrophages are primarily divided into pro-inflammatory M1-like and anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages based on their activation status and functions. <em>In vitro</em> macrophage models could be derived from mouse bone marrow cells stimulated with two types of differentiation factors: GM-CSF (GM-BMDMs) and M-CSF (M-BMDMs), to represent M1-and M2-like macrophages, respectively. Since macrophage differentiation requires coordinated metabolic reprogramming and transcriptional rewiring in order to fulfill their distinct roles, we combined both transcriptome and metabolome analysis, coupled with experimental validation, to gain insight into the metabolic status of GM-and M-BMDMs. The data revealed higher levels of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and urea and ornithine production from arginine in GM-BMDMs, and a preference for glycolysis, fatty acid storage, bile acid metabolism, and citrulline and nitric oxide (NO) production from arginine in M-BMDMs. Correlation analysis with the proteomic data showed high consistency in the mRNA and protein levels of metabolic genes. Similar results were also obtained when compared to RNA-seq data of human monocyte derived macrophages from the GEO database. Furthermore, canonical macrophage functions such as inflammatory response and phagocytosis were tightly associated with the representative metabolic pathways. In the current study, we identified the core metabolites, metabolic genes, and functional terms of the two distinct mouse macrophage populations. We also distinguished the metabolic influences of the differentiation factors GM-CSF and M-CSF, and wish to provide valuable information for <em>in vitro</em> macrophage studies. </p>
2023-09-19 | MTBLS6502 | MetaboLights
Project description:Monocytes mature to macrophages in the presence of the lineage determining cytokine M-CSF. They can be further polarized into M1 or M2 macrophages with distinct functional properties. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression underlying macrophage maturation and polarization and identified distinct classes of up-regulated genes during this process. Experiment Overall Design: Freshly isolated monocytes were cultured in the presence of M-CSF for 7 days, and then polarized to M1 or M2 cells. The study includes Monocytes at day 0, macrophages at day 3 and 7, M1 and m2 polarized macrophages.
2007-11-02 | E-GEOD-5099 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Analysis of the effects of CNI-1493 treatment on M1 and M2 polarized macrophages. The purpose of this microarray is to identify genes that may be differentially expressed in M1 or M2 macrophages after treatment with CNI-1493. CNI-1493 is a known inhibitor of M1 macrophages but details of its molecular mechanism are unknown. The effect of CNI-1493 on M2 macrophages has yet to be explored, but we hypothesize that CNI-1493 treatment will attenuate pro-tumor properties of M2 macrophages. We demonstrate with this array that known macrophage markers are unchanged after treatment with CNI-1493, indicating that CNI-1493 does not change the macrophage phenotype on a transcriptional level. Additionally, no candidate genes to suggest how CNI-1493 may attenuate the pro-tumor effects of M2 macrophages are readily identifiable. Total RNA extracted from M1 or M2 macrophages after polarization with GM-CSF (25ng/ml) or M-CSF (25ng/ml) for 7 days, followed by addition of IFN-γ (20ng/ml) and LPS (100ng/ml) or IL-4 (40ng/ml) for 18 hours, respectively, from CD14+ human PBMCs, and treated with CNI-1493 (200nM)
2015-03-12 | E-GEOD-66805 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Bulk RNA of IL-4 and squalene treated MDM
| PRJNA778539 | ENA
Project description:Human blood monocytes were differentiated over six days with either 100 ng/ml M-CSF or 1 umol/l CXCL4 In atherosclerotic arteries, blood monocytes differentiate to macrophages in the presence of growth factors like macrophage colony-stimulation factor (MCSF) and chemokines like platelet factor 4 (CXCL4). To compare the gene expression signature of CXCL4-induced macrophages with MCSF-induced macrophages or macrophages polarized with IFN-γ/LPS (M1) or IL-4 (M2), we cultured primary human peripheral blood monocytes for six days. mRNA expression was measured by Affymetrix gene chips and differences were analyzed by Local Pooled Error test, Profile of Complex Functionality and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. 375 genes were differentially expressed between MCSF- and CXCL4-induced macrophages, 206 of them overexpressed in CXCL4 macrophages coding for genes implicated in the inflammatory/immune response, antigen processing/presentation, and lipid metabolism. CXCL4-induced macrophages overexpressed some M1 and M2 genes and the corresponding cytokines at the protein level, however, their transcriptome clustered with neither M1 nor M2 transcriptomes. They almost completely lost the ability to phagocytose zymosan beads. Genes linked to atherosclerosis were not consistently up- or downregulated. Scavenger receptors showed lower and cholesterol efflux transporters higher expression in CXCL4- than MCSF-induced macrophages, resulting in lower LDL content. We conclude that CXCL4 induces a unique macrophage transcriptome distinct from known macrophage types, defining a new macrophage differentiation that we propose to call M4. two MCSF samples and two CXCL4 samples
2010-03-07 | E-GEOD-20484 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Classically (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages play distinct roles in various physiological and disease processes. Understanding the gene transcription programs that contribute to macrophage polarization along the M1/M2 spectrum may lead to new tools to detect and therapeutically manipulate macrophage phenotype. Here, we define the M1 and M2 macrophage signature through mRNA microarray. The M1 macrophage signature was defined by 629 up-regulated and 732 down-regulated genes while the M2 macrophage signature was formed by 388 up-regulated and 425 down-regulated genes. While a subset of probes was common to both M1 and M2 cells, others were exclusive to each macrophage subset. The common M1/M2 pathways were characterized by changes in various transcriptional regulators and signaling partners, including increases in Kruppel-like Factor (Klf) 4, but decreases in Klf2. To identify M1 and M2 biomarkers that help discriminate these populations, we selected genes that were increased during M1 or M2 differentiation but decreased in the opposite population. Among top novel M1-distinct genes, we identified CD38, G-protein coupled receptor 18 (Gpr18) and Formyl peptide receptor 2 (Fpr2). Among top M2 genes, we found early growth response protein 2 (Egr2) and Myc. We validated these genes by Real-Time PCR and developed a CD38/Egr2-based flow cytometry assay that discriminates between M1 and M2 macrophages. Overall, this work defines the M1 and M2 signature and identifies several novel M1 and M2 genes that may be used to distinguish and manipulate M1 and M2 macrophages. Total RNA was prepared from bone marrow-derived macrophages of wild-type mice (n=2-3 independent mice) treated in M0, M1 or M2 conditions (n=2-3 replicates per condition originating from different mice)
2015-12-08 | E-GEOD-69607 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Recent studies suggest the presence of both âclassically activatedâ M1 and âalternatively activatedâ M2 macrophages in human atherosclerotic tissue, yet due to the lack of validated markers the reported localization patterns of these macrophage phenotypes within plaques are ambiguous. In the present study, we searched for markers that indisputably can identify differentiated M1 and M2 macrophages independently of stimuli that affect the activation status of the two subpopulations. We used these validated markers to assess the presence of M1 and M2 macrophages in different zones of human carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques obtained from 12 patients. Using microarray and qPCR technology we show that the frequently used macrophage subpopulation markers MCP-1 and CD206 do not discriminate between M1 and M2 macrophages. However, we confirm the subtype specificity of the classical M2 marker CD163 and we report that the genes INHBA and DSP (both M1) and SEPP1 and MARCKS (both M2) are highly suitable for macrophage phenotyping. mRNA expression of the pan-macrophage marker CD68 in the shoulder zones of the plaques and in adjacent tissue segments correlated positively with mRNA expression levels of SEPP1, MARCKS and CD163 (r=0.86, 0.94 and 0.96, and r= 0.86, 0.98 and 0.69, respectively) but not with the expression of the M1 markers DSP and INHBA. In contrast, mRNA expression of CD68 in the core of the plaques correlated positively with expression of DSP and INHBA (r=0.73 and 0.49) but not with SEPP1, MARCKS and CD163. These findings suggest that M1 macrophages predominate in the core of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques while M2 macrophages prevail at the periphery of the plaque. Keywords: Expression profiling by array Monocytes from healthy volunteers were differentiated into M1 and M2 macrophages by incubation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), respectively. After 5 days cells were exposed to oxidized LDL. Total RNA was isolated and subjected to gene expression profiling.
2016-06-01 | E-GEOD-22543 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Macrophages have distinct characteristics depending on their microenvironment. We performed proteomic analysis between M1 and M2 macrophages and found that cellular metabolism is the key regulator of macrophage function. We used microarray to support proteomic data between M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages are obtained using cell sorting of CD45+MHCII+CD8a-F4/80+ population from C57BL/6J bone marrow cell derived heterogenous cells under GM-CSF conditioning for 7 days. M2 macrophages are differentiated with 20% L929 cell supernatant for 7 days and sorted from CD45+F4/80+CD11b+ population.
2014-11-14 | E-GEOD-63245 | biostudies-arrayexpress