Addition of proteasome inhibitor to J774 cells
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE189308 | GEO | 2022/04/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Background: The function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is regulated by HSC internal signaling pathways and their microenvironment. Chemokines and chemokine ligands play important roles in the regulation of HSC function. Yet, their functions in HSC are not fully understood. Methods: We established Cxcr3 and Cxcl10 knockout mouse models (Cxcr3-/- and Cxcl10-/-) to analyze the roles of Cxcr3 or Cxcl10 in regulating HSC function. The cell cycle distribution of LT-HSC was assessed via flow cytometry. Cxcr3-/-and Cxcl10-/-stem/progenitor cells showed reduced self-renewal capacity as measured in serial transplantation assays. To study the effects of Cxcr3 or Cxcl10 deficient bone marrow microenvironment, we transplanted CD45.1 donor cells into Cxcr3-/-or Cxcl10-/- recipient mice (CD45.2) and examined donor-contributed hematopoiesis. Results: Deficiency of Cxcl10 and its receptor Cxcr3 led to decreased BM cellularity in mice, with a significantly increased proportion of LT-HSC. Cxcl10-/- stem/progenitor cells showed reduced self-renewal capacity in the secondary transplantation assay. Notably, Cxcl10-/- donor-derived cells preferentially differentiated into B lymphocytes, with skewed myeloid differentiation ability. Meanwhile, Cxcr3-deficient HSCs demonstrated a reconstitution disadvantage in secondary transplantation, but the lineage bias was not significant. Interestingly, the absence of Cxcl10 or Cxcr3 in bone marrow microenvironment did not affect HSC function. Conclusions: The Cxcl10 and Cxcr3 regulate the function of HSC, including self-renewal and differentiation, adding to the understanding of the roles of chemokines in the regulation of HSC function.
2024-07-25 | GSE272747 | GEO
Project description:Coordinated communication among pancreatic islet cells is necessary for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. In diabetes, chronic exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines has been shown to perturb β-cell communication and function. Compelling evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles (EVs) in modulating physiological and pathological responses to β-cell stress. We report that pro-inflammatory β-cell small EVs (cytoEV) induce β-cell dysfunction, promote a pro-inflammatory islet transcriptome, and enhance recruitment of CD8+ T-cells and macrophages. Proteomic analysis of cytoEV revealed an enrichment of the chemokine, CXCL10, with surface topological analysis depicting CXCL10 as membrane-bound on cytoEV to facilitate direct binding to CXCR3 receptors on the surface of β-cells. CXCR3 receptor inhibition reduced CXCL10-cytoEV binding and attenuated β-cell dysfunction, inflammatory gene expression, and leukocyte recruitment to islets. Collectively, this work implicates the significant role of pro-inflammatory β-cell derived small EVs in modulating β-cell function, global gene expression, and antigen presentation through activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis.
2021-08-25 | PXD026998 | Pride
Project description:Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote the development of many primary malignancies, but their function in metastatic progression is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that colonization of the lungs by metastatic breast cancer cells induces an inflammatory phenotype in lung fibroblasts. CXCL9 and CXCL10 are induced in an NFκB-dependent manner in metastasis-associated fibroblasts in response IL-1α and IL-1β secreted by disseminated breast cancer cells. We find that the chemokine receptor CXCR3, that binds CXCL9/10, is expressed in a small subset of breast cancer cells that exhibits greater tumor-initiating ability when co-transplanted with fibroblasts. CXCR3-expressing cancer cells maintain JNK signaling that drives IL-1A/B expression, and thus rendering this subpopulation efficient in both inducing CXCL9/10 in lung fibroblasts and responding to the chemokines. Importantly, disruption of the CXCL9/10-CXCR3 axis significantly reduces metastatic colonization in xenograft and syngeneic mouse models suggesting an essential role of this paracrine crosstalk in metastatic progression and a potential therapeutic vulnerability for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
2020-02-17 | GSE137178 | GEO
Project description:Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote the development of many primary malignancies, but their function in metastatic progression is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that colonization of the lungs by metastatic breast cancer cells induces an inflammatory phenotype in lung fibroblasts. CXCL9 and CXCL10 are induced in an NFκB-dependent manner in metastasis-associated fibroblasts in response IL-1α and IL-1β secreted by disseminated breast cancer cells. We find that the chemokine receptor CXCR3, that binds CXCL9/10, is expressed in a small subset of breast cancer cells that exhibits greater tumor-initiating ability when co-transplanted with fibroblasts. CXCR3-expressing cancer cells maintain JNK signaling that drives IL-1A/B expression, and thus rendering this subpopulation efficient in both inducing CXCL9/10 in lung fibroblasts and responding to the chemokines. Importantly, disruption of the CXCL9/10-CXCR3 axis significantly reduces metastatic colonization in xenograft and syngeneic mouse models suggesting an essential role of this paracrine crosstalk in metastatic progression and a potential therapeutic vulnerability for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
2020-02-17 | GSE121944 | GEO
Project description:Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote the development of many primary malignancies, but their function in metastatic progression is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that colonization of the lungs by metastatic breast cancer cells induces an inflammatory phenotype in lung fibroblasts. CXCL9 and CXCL10 are induced in an NFκB-dependent manner in metastasis-associated fibroblasts in response IL-1α and IL-1β secreted by disseminated breast cancer cells. We find that the chemokine receptor CXCR3, that binds CXCL9/10, is expressed in a small subset of breast cancer cells that exhibits greater tumor-initiating ability when co-transplanted with fibroblasts. CXCR3-expressing cancer cells maintain JNK signaling that drives IL-1A/B expression, and thus rendering this subpopulation efficient in both inducing CXCL9/10 in lung fibroblasts and responding to the chemokines. Importantly, disruption of the CXCL9/10-CXCR3 axis significantly reduces metastatic colonization in xenograft and syngeneic mouse models suggesting an essential role of this paracrine crosstalk in metastatic progression and a potential therapeutic vulnerability for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
2020-02-17 | GSE121945 | GEO
Project description:Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote the development of many primary malignancies, but their function in metastatic progression is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that colonization of the lungs by metastatic breast cancer cells induces an inflammatory phenotype in lung fibroblasts. CXCL9 and CXCL10 are induced in an NFκB-dependent manner in metastasis-associated fibroblasts in response IL-1α and IL-1β secreted by disseminated breast cancer cells. We find that the chemokine receptor CXCR3, that binds CXCL9/10, is expressed in a small subset of breast cancer cells that exhibits greater tumor-initiating ability when co-transplanted with fibroblasts. CXCR3-expressing cancer cells maintain JNK signaling that drives IL-1A/B expression, and thus rendering this subpopulation efficient in both inducing CXCL9/10 in lung fibroblasts and responding to the chemokines. Importantly, disruption of the CXCL9/10-CXCR3 axis significantly reduces metastatic colonization in xenograft and syngeneic mouse models suggesting an essential role of this paracrine crosstalk in metastatic progression and a potential therapeutic vulnerability for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
2020-02-17 | GSE121946 | GEO
Project description:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) interact with many transducers like G proteins and β-arrestins. Some GPCR agonists act as “biased agonists” which preferentially activate specific signaling transducers over others, leading to unique signaling profiles. The chemokine system, a subfamily of GPCRs that plays a critical role in inflammatory diseases, serves as an endogenous example of biased agonism where over 50 different chemokines ligands and 20 receptors interact promiscuously. In this study, we sought to determine the three different chemokines of the chemkoine receptor CXCR3 generate different transcriptional responses in primary CD8+ T cells. Using RNAseq on CD8+ T cells stimulated with either vehicle control, CXCL9, CXCL10, or CXCL11, the endogenous chemokines of CXCR3, we found that the CXCR3 chemokines promoted unique transcriptional responses that are predicted to differentially regulate inflammatory pathways. We observed significant changes in global transcriptional activation, detecting approximately 48000 transcripts, 887 of which varied by chemokine treatment. There was a high degree of replicability between biological replicates. The overwhelming majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased in transcript level following chemokine treatment. Compared to vehicle control, CXCL11 demonstrated the largest number of DEGs. Importantly, CXCL11 and CXCL10 demonstrate unique transcriptional profiles where the majority of DEGs were only found following treatment with each specific chemokine, rather than being shared across chemokines. These data contrast with that observed at CXCL9 – although it promoted a significant amount of transcriptional regulation, approximately 66% of CXCL9-induced DEGs were shared with CXCL11 and/or CXCL10.
2022-07-23 | GSE192679 | GEO
Project description:Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA4 have revolutionized cancer management but are associated with devastating immune-related adverse events (irAEs) including myocarditis. The main risk factor for ICI myocarditis is the use of combination PD-1 and CTLA4 inhibition. ICI-myocarditis is often fulminant and is pathophysiologically characterized by myocardial infiltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages. While much has been learned regarding the role of T-cells in ICI-myocarditis, little is understood regarding the identity, transcriptional diversity, and functions of infiltrating macrophages. We employed an established murine ICI myocarditis model (Ctla4+/-Pdcd1-/- mice) to explore the cardiac immune landscape using single-cell RNA-sequencing, immunostaining, and molecular imaging. We observed marked increases in CCR2+ monocyte-derived macrophages and CD8+ T-cells in this model. The macrophage compartment was heterogeneous and displayed marked enrichment in an inflammatory CCR2+ subpopulation expressing Cxcl9, Cxcl10, Gbp2b, and Fcgr4 that originated from CCR2+ monocytes. Importantly, a similar macrophage population expressing CXCL9, CXCL10, and CD16α (human homologue of mouse FcgR4) were found selectively in patients with ICI myocarditis compared to other forms of heart failure and myocarditis. In silico prediction of cell-cell communication suggested interactions between T-cells and Cxcl9+Cxcl10+ macrophages via IFN-γ and CXCR3 signaling pathways. Depleting CD8+T-cells and blockade of IFN-γ signaling blunted the emergence of Cxcl9+Cxcl10+ macrophages in the heart and attenuated myocarditis suggesting that this interaction was necessary for disease pathogenesis. Collectively, these data demonstrate that ICI-myocarditis is associated with the emergence of a specific population of inflammatory macrophages and suggest the possibility that IFN-γ blockade may serve as an effective treatment for this devastating condition.
2023-07-01 | GSE227437 | GEO
Project description:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a critical role in bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. pDCs are specialized type I interferon (IFN) producers, which has implicated them as initiators of autoimmune pathogenesis. However, little is known about the down-stream effectors of type I IFN signaling that amplify autoimmune responses. Here we have used a chemokine reporter mouse to determine the CXCR3 ligand responses in DCs subsets. Following TLR7 stimulation conventional type 1 and type 2 DCs (cDC1 and cDC2 respectively) uniformly upregulate CXCL10. By contrast, the proportion of chemokine positive pDCs was significantly less, and stable CXCL10+ and CXCL10 - populations could be distinguished. CXCL9 expression was induced in all cDC1s, in half of the cDC2 but not by pDCs. In all DC subsets, type I IFNs were the main inducer of CXCR3 chemokines, as IFNAR receptor blocking or deficiency completely abrogated reporter expression. Chemoki ne producing potential was not concordant with the previously identified markers of pDC heterogeneity. Finally, we show that CXCL10+ and CXCL10 - populations are transcriptionally distinct, expressing unique transcriptional regulators, IFN signaling molecules, chemokines, cytokines and cell surface markers. This work highlights CXCL10 as a downstream effector of type I IFN signaling and suggests a division of labor in pDCs subtypes that likely impacts their function as effectors of viral responses and as drivers of inflammation.
2018-06-24 | GSE113770 | GEO
Project description:Chemokines and cytokines are key signaling molecules that orchestrate the trafficking of immune cells, direct them to sites of tissue injury and inflammation and modulate their states of activation and effector cell function. We have measured, using a multiplex-based approach, the levels of 58 immune mediators and 7 acute phase markers in sera derived from of a cohort of patients diagnosed with acute Lyme disease and matched controls. This analysis identified a cytokine signature associated with the early stages of infection and allowed us to identify two subsets (mediator-high and mediator-low) of acute Lyme patients with distinct cytokine signatures that also differed significantly (p<0.0005) in symptom presentation. In particular, the T cell chemokines CXCL9 (MIG), CXCL10 (IP-10) and CCL19 (MIP3B) were coordinately increased in the mediator-high group and levels of these chemokines could be associated with seroconversion status and elevated liver function tests (p=0.027 and p=0.021 respectively). There was also upregulation of acute phase proteins including CRP and serum amyloid A. Consistent with the role of CXCL9/CXCL10 in attracting immune cells to the site of infection, CXCR3+ CD4 T cells are reduced in the blood of early acute Lyme disease (p=0.01) and the decrease correlates with chemokine levels (p=0.0375). The levels of CXCL9/10 did not relate to the size or number of skin lesions but elevated levels of serum CXCL9/CXCL10 were associated with elevated liver enzymes levels. Collectively these results indicate that the levels of serum chemokines and the levels of expression of their respective chemokine receptors on T cell subsets may prove to be informative biomarkers for Lyme disease and related to specific disease manifestations. A total of 65 immune and inflammatory mediators were profiled in serum samples derived from early Lyme disease patients and age- and sex-matched controls. These samples have been generated as part of a prospective cohort study that includes a well-defined cohort of patients with acute Lyme disease enrolled from a Lyme endemic area of the mid-Atlantic United States. Only patients with untreated, confirmed early Lyme disease manifesting an active EM skin lesion at the time of enrollment, as defined by CDC case criteria are eligible. Patients with a history of prior Lyme disease or the presence of confounding preexisting medical conditions associated with prolonged fatigue, pain or neurocognitive symptoms are excluded. Controls are nonhospitalized age- and sex-matched and have no prior history of Lyme disease or any exclusionary medical conditions including lack of inflammatory disorders.
2014-04-25 | E-GEOD-55815 | biostudies-arrayexpress