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Immortalization of normal human cells

ABSTRACT: A normal neonatal human diploid fibroblast strain MJ90 was cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's minimal essential medium (DMEM; Sigma-Aldrich Japan) supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine (Life Technologies) and 10% fetal calf serum (FCS; Life Technologies). A normal human umbilical vein endothelial cell strain HUE142-2 were grown in MCDB151 medium (Sigma-Aldrich Japan) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum, 5 µg/ml of heparin (Sigma), and 5 ng/ml of recombinant acidic fibroblast growth factor in a plastic flask (Corning) precoated with bovine fibronectin solution (1 µg/cm2, Wako).The 40 µg of plasmid hTRT/FLAG or hTERTn2 (from Prof. F. Ishikawa, Kyoto University)linealized by a single cut with a restriction enzyme NruI was transfected into 10^7 MJ90 cells at PDL 41 or the HUE142-2 cells at PDL 35 by electroporation (Invitrogen) at 330 V. Clones harboring the plasmids were obtained by 400 µg/ml of G418 selection (Wako) and named as TF1 from MJ90 and nTE4-5 from the HUE142-2 cells. The TF1 cells at PDL 104, 148, and 216 and nTE4-5 cells at PDL 105, 145, and 216 were collected and stored at –80°C until use. Total RNA was extracted from the cultured cells using an RNAeasy™ total RNA isolation kit (Qiagen) according to the protocols the manufacturer recommended. The poly(A)-RNA was isolated from the extracted total RNA using µMACS™ mRNA isolation kit(Miltenyi Biotec).One-microgram Poly(A)-RNA samples extracted from cell strains after hTERT induction were labeled with the fluorescent dye Cy-3 by random-primed reverse transcription. Similarly, 1-µg Poly(A)-RNA samples extracted from MJ90 cells at PDL 30 and the HUE 142-2 cells at PDL 38 before hTERT induction were labeled with Cy-5, and used as the expression references. Each pair of Cy-3 and cy-5 labeled cDNAs were hybridized as probes on RIKEN human 21K arrays. The array contained 21,168 spots in 48 blocks (4 x 12), each containing 441 spots (21 x 21). Among them, 20,784 spots are human cDNA clones purchased from ResGen™ (Invitrogen Corporation) and the remaining spots are the internal and exogenous controls spotted on every subgrid as positive and negative controls. All microarray analyses on the six pairs, i.e. MJ90 vs. TF1-PDL104, TF1-PDL148, or TF1-PDL216 and HUE142-2 vs. nTE4-5-PDL105, nTE4-5-PDL145, or nTE4-5 -PDL216 were carried out in duplicate. (_1 & _2). Arrays were laser-scanned using ScanArray 5000 confocal laser scanner (GSI Lumonics), and the fluorescence measurements were made separately by channels 1 and 2 for each dye at each spot on the array. Let CH1I and CH2I be spot intensities scanned by channels 1 and 2, respectively. Let Ch1B and CH2B be their background intensities. In this study, the values of CH1 = CH1I-CH1B and CH2 = CH2I – CH2B were used as gene expression levels in each sample. Each result of the duplicated microarray experiment was independently subjected to global normalization and new normalization (Ohtaki et al., Technical Report Series of Statistical Research Group, Hiroshima Univershity, No.04-07). Keywords: time-course

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE1900 | GEO | 2005/03/31

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA90989

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Cells: ACH-2, and A3.01, were obtained through the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH. ACH-2, is a chronically infected cell line harboring HIV-1 LAV strain, while A3.01 is the corresponding parental uninfected cell line. Cells were grown in RPMI-1640 (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Invitrogen), 5% penicillin-streptomycin (Invitrogen), and 2mM glutamine (Invitrogen). Cells were maintained at a concentration of 1x10e6 cells/ml in T-175 flasks. Cell concentrations and cell viability were monitored throughout the experiment at all time points studied. Cells were induced by addition of 20 ng/mL of phorbol myristyl acetate (PMA or TPA, Sigma, St Louis, MO) for one hour, after which the cells were washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Cells were harvested by centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes, at the following times after induction, 0.5, 3, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hour(s). HIV-infected and uninfected cells maintained and harvested in parallel with the PMA-treated cells, but not induced with PMA ( No PMA)were also harvested. Harvested cells were washed thrice with ice-cold PBS to remove media; cell pellets were snap frozen using ethanol-dry ice mixture and stored at (80°C for subsequent RNA extraction. Total RNA Extraction: Total RNA was extracted using RNEasy Midiprep Kits per manufacturer's protocol (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). RNA concentrations and purity were measured by spectrophotometry, RNA quality (absence of RNA degradation) was assessed by gel electrophoresis. RNA concentration was adjusted to the levels required for subsequent microarray experiment protocols by concentration in a SpeedVac (Savant Instruments, Holbrook, CA). RNA samples (6-7 µg/µL) were stored in 100 µL TE buffer at -80°C. Microarray Studies: Total RNA obtained from induced chronically infected and corresponding uninfected parental cells were used for microarray experiments. For each time point, RNA from the induced chronically infected ACH-2 cells and RNA from the corresponding induced, uninfected A3.01 cells were compared to minimize effects due to PMA induction. Microarrays were obtained from the National Cancer Institute Microarray Facility, Advanced Technology Center (Gaithersburg, MD). The microarrays (Hs. UniGem2) contained 10,368 cDNA spots on each glass slide. The cDNAs were selected for spotting on the slides based on their known or probable involvement in oncogenesis, signal transduction, apoptosis, immune function, inflammatory pathways, cellular transport, transcription, protein translation and other important cellular functions. A number of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from unknown genes homologous to known genes and cDNAs encoding housekeeping genes were also included in these gene sets. For each time point, 50 µg of total RNA from PMA induced ACH-2 cells and 70 µg of total RNA from PMA induced A3.01 cells was labeled with Cy-3-dUTP and Cy-5-dUTP respectively. Higher amounts of RNA were used for Cy-5 labeling to minimize the disparities in dye incorporation. Each sample of RNA from PMA-induced, infected cells from a particular time point was compared with RNA from the corresponding PMA-induced, uninfected cells from the same time point for subsequent hybridization to the same array to ensure accurate comparisons and to eliminate inter-array variability. Following reverse transcription, the labeled cDNAs were then combined and purified using MicroCon YM-30 (Millipore, Bedford, MA) spin column filters, to remove any unincorporated nucleotides. 8-10 µg each of Cot-1 DNA, (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN), yeast tRNA (Sigma) and polyA (Amersham Biosciences) were added to the reaction mixture and heated at 100°C for 1 minute. Hybridization of the labeled cDNA to the microarray was carried out at 65°C overnight, followed by washes with 1X SSC, 0.2X SSC and 0.05X SSC respectively. The slides were dried by centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 3 minutes and then scanned as described below. Microarray Scanning and Data Analysis: The slides were scanned using an Axon GenePix 4000 scanner (Axon Instruments, Union City, CA). The photomultiplier tube values (PMT) were adjusted to obtain equivalent intensities at both wavelengths used, 635 nm and 532 nm for the Cy5 and Cy3 channels respectively. Image analysis was performed using GenePix analysis software (Axon Instruments) and data analysis was performed using the microArray Database (mAdb) system hosted by the Center for Information Technology and Center for Cancer Research at NIH (http://nciarray.nci.nih.gov/). Keywords = HIV Keywords = latency Keywords: time-course

Project description:Cells: ACH-2, A3.01, J1.1, and U1 cells were obtained through the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH. U-937 cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). ACH-2, J1.1 and U1 are chronically infected cell lines harboring HIV-1 LAV strain, while A3.01, Jurkat, and U-937 are the corresponding parental uninfected cell lines. Cells were grown in RPMI-1640 (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Invitrogen), 5% penicillin-streptomycin (Invitrogen), and 2mM glutamine (Invitrogen). Cells were maintained at a concentration of 1x10e6 cells/ml in T-175 flasks. Cell concentrations and cell viability were monitored throughout the experiment. Cells were harvested by centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes. Harvested cells were washed thrice with ice-cold PBS to remove media; cell pellets were snap frozen using ethanol-dry ice mixture and stored at -80°C for subsequent RNA extraction. In order to compare expression profiles of chronically infected cell lines, ACH-2, U1, and J1.1 and their uninfected parental cell lines, A3.01, U-937 and Jurkat cells respectively, were grown under identical conditions but in presence of AZT (250 nM) in growth media and cells were harvested as described above. In these studies, no inducing agent was used in either chronically infected or uninfected parental cell lines so as to study changes in cellular gene expression cells latently infected with HIV and uninfected cells. Total RNA Extraction: Total RNA was extracted using RNEasy Midiprep Kits per manufacturer's protocol (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). RNA concentrations and purity were measured by spectrophotometry, RNA quality (absence of RNA degradation) was assessed by gel electrophoresis. RNA concentration was adjusted to the levels required for subsequent microarray experiment protocols by concentration in a SpeedVac (Savant Instruments, Holbrook, CA). RNA samples (6-7 µg/µL) were stored in 100 µL TE buffer at -80°C. Microarray Studies: Total RNA obtained from chronically infected and corresponding uninfected parental cells were used for microarray experiments. For each cell line, RNA from the chronically infected cells (ACH-2, J1.1 or U1)and RNA from the corresponding induced, uninfected cells (A3.01 , Jurkat or U937) were compared on the same array. Microarrays were obtained from the National Cancer Institute Microarray Facility, Advanced Technology Center (Gaithersburg, MD). The microarrays (Hs. UniGem2) contained 10,368 cDNA spots on each glass slide. The cDNAs were selected for spotting on the slides based on their known or probable involvement in oncogenesis, signal transduction, apoptosis, immune function, inflammatory pathways, cellular transport, transcription, protein translation and other important cellular functions. A number of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from unknown genes homologous to known genes and cDNAs encoding housekeeping genes were also included in these gene sets. For each array, 50 µg of total RNA from chronically infected cells and 70 µg of total RNA from corresponding uninfected cells was labeled with Cy-3-dUTP and Cy-5-dUTP respectively. Higher amounts of RNA were used for Cy-5 labeling to minimize the disparities in dye incorporation. Following reverse transcription, the labeled cDNAs were then combined and purified using MicroCon YM-30 (Millipore, Bedford, MA) spin column filters, to remove any unincorporated nucleotides. 8-10 µg each of Cot-1 DNA, (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN), yeast tRNA (Sigma) and polyA (Amersham Biosciences) were added to the reaction mixture and heated at 100°C for 1 minute. Hybridization of the labeled cDNA to the microarray was carried out at 65°C overnight, followed by washes with 1X SSC, 0.2X SSC and 0.05X SSC respectively. The slides were dried by centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 3 minutes and then scanned as described below. Microarray Scanning and Data Analysis: The slides were scanned using an Axon GenePix 4000 scanner (Axon Instruments, Union City, CA). The photomultiplier tube values (PMT) were adjusted to obtain equivalent intensities at both wavelengths used, 635 nm and 532 nm for the Cy5 and Cy3 channels respectively. Image analysis was performed using GenePix analysis software (Axon Instruments) and data analysis was performed using the microArray Database (mAdb) system hosted by the Center for Information Technology and Center for Cancer Research at NIH (http://nciarray.nci.nih.gov/). Keywords = HIV Keywords = Latency Keywords: other

Project description:We have performed the hybridisation in triplicate using total RNA samples pooled from three independent batches of primary cortical neuron culture derived from E14.5 CD1 mouse brains on one day in vitro (1DIV). We stimulated the cells with 50 ng/ml FGF2 in the presence of 10 μg/ml heparin for 4 hours, and the expression of genes were compared to those in the absence of FGF2. The data were obtained from the three experiments with the best possible conditions and strict measures were applied for the purpose of quality control. Seventeen features representing housekeeping genes in the array (GAPDH, HPRT and S16, S9, and S8 ribosomal proteins) gave average value of Ratio of Medians (ROM), 1.20 ± 0.28, which was confirmed to be acceptable. Total RNA was extracted from cells in the growing phase by using RNA Clean (Hybaid) according to the manufacturer’s instruction and further purified with RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen). Direct labelling of 20 µg of total RNA primed with Oligo(dT) was performed in the presence of Cy-5 and Cy-3-dUTP (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) using SuperScript II (Invitrogen). The Cy5- and Cy3-labelled cDNA samples were then mixed and purified with GFX DNA purification kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). The samples were added with 1.2 µg of salmon sperm DNA and 5 µg of Poly(dA) and dried in SpeedVac at 60°C. The high-density glass microarray chips were prepared at the EMBL core facility by spotting the PCR products prepared from the NIA 15k cDNA mouse clone set. Array slides were pre-hybridized in 6x SSC, 0.5% SDS, 1% BSA at 42°C for 1 hour and incubated in a boiled water for 2 min shortly prior to hybridisation. The cDNA samples were resuspended in 15 µl of hybridisation buffer (50% formamide, 6x SSC, 0.5% SDS and 5% Denhardt’s) and denatured by incubating at 95°C for 2 min. Hybridisation was at 42oC for 16 hours. The slides were washed for 10 min each with 2 x SSC, then with 0.5 x SSC, 0.1%SDS, followed by 0.1 x SSC, 0.1%SDS, at room temperature. Scanning was performed with GenePix 4000B (Axon). Quality control was performed, firstly by eye, to confirm scanner alignment and absence of significant bubbles and scratches. Scatter plots were further used to eliminate the unacceptable hybridisation data. The multiple spike-in controls RNA template were added to the sample upon direct labelling, and the successful labelling and hybridisation was confirmed in each hybridisations. GenePix Pro grogram calculates the Normalisation Factor of each hybridisation, based on the premise that the arithmetic mean of the ratios from every feature on the given array should be equal to 1. Normalisation was therefore performed by multiplying the Factor to Ratio of Medians (ROM) in each gene. The program also identifies features that did not give good alignment to the expected spotted area as “flagged” spots, indicative of the impaired-quality hybridisation of the specific genes. Keywords = NIA mouse 15k Keywords = cortical neuron Keywords = FGF Keywords: other

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Immortalization of normal human cells

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