Project description:Background: Solubilized aluminum (Al) is rhizotoxic and can be present in acid soils at levels that inhibit root growth. Acid soils are found throughout the world and often support forests. However, unlike in herbaceous plants, little is known about the mechanisms by which forest trees respond to and tolerate Al. To begin to elucidate these mechanisms, we characterized transcriptomic changes in response to Al in roots of aspen (Populus tremula L.). Results: Aspen roots were treated with Al in solution culture for 6 h, 54 h, and 246 h. Transcriptomic changes were assessed by the Affymetrix GeneChip Poplar Genome Array. The analysis revealed 176 induced and 66 suppressed genes. The majority of these genes were regulated at 6 h, presumably reflecting root growth, which was strongly inhibited at 6 h and partially was recovered at 2 d and 10 d. Enrichment analysis identified sets of functionally related genes whose members were statistically over-represented compared to the genes on the microarray. These sets included genes related to cell wall modification, oxidative stress, cell death, and transport processes. Two of the genes involved in transport were related to the Arabidopsis Al tolerance genes AtALS3 (aluminum sensitive 3), possibly mediating redistribution of Al, and AtMATE (multi-drug and toxin extrusion), facilitating exudation of citrate. Expression patterns in response to Al in different plant tissues indicated that the two aspen genes are homologs of AtALS3 and AtMATE, suggesting that aspen and Arabidopsis share common mechanisms to cope with Al. Conclusion: This is the first survey of transcriptomic changes in response to Al in a forest tree. The results of our study provide a valuable set of data, which will help to further our understanding of the mechanisms and their regulation that enable aspen to grow in environments with toxic levels of Al. Aspen roots were treated with Al in solution culture for 6 h, 54 h, 246 h to cover a broad range of exposure times. Transcriptomic changes were assessed by the Affymetrix GeneChip Poplar Genome Array. For each time point, root tips of three independant plants were analyzed.

Project description:Gene expression profiling in soybean under aluminum stress: Transcriptome response to Al stress in roots of Al-tolerant genotype (PI 416937). Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major constraint of crop production on acid soils. Many commercial soybean cultivars and advanced breeding lines have been evaluated for Al tolerance. Aluminum tolerance is quantitatively inherited trait in soybean making it difficult for genetic improvement. Understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms of tolerance is crucial for developing efficient and effective programs aimed at improving Al tolerance trait The molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance is poorly understood in soybean. The objective of the research was to identify candidate aluminum tolerance genes in soybean Al-tolerant soybean genotype PI 416937 seedlings were exposed to zero or 10 µM Al in growth chamber under hydroponic conditions for four time span of 2, 12, 48 and 72 hrs in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Microarray analysis was made on mRNA isolated from 1 cm log tap root tips using Affymetrix soybean array with over 68,000 probe sets Glycine max L and wild soybean combined. Both novel and known genes were discovered in response to Al treatment. They include Al tolerance relevant proteins, families of transcription factors, zinc finger, bZIP, WRKY, MYB, ADR6, and NAC domain proteins were induced likely regulating Al tolerance downstream genes. Stress related proteins, cytochrome P450, glutathione-s transferase, glutaredoxin family and ascorbic acid biosynthesis protein were induced as signatures of cellular detoxification mechanisms. An ABC type multidrug resistance protein that could act as citrate transporter or Al exporter was up-regulated, a key Al tolerance mechanisms in several species. A cell wall loosening enzyme endoxylglucan hydrolases were also up-regulated probably reversing the wall rigidification caused by Al and promoting root growth under Al stress. Phytosulfokines growth factor involved in cell division and proliferation was up-regulated likely as a direct counter action to Al toxicity which inhibits root growth by limiting cell division and elongation. In conclusion, the Al tolerance candidate genes identified herein are potential targets for future genetic engineering and molecular breeding work on Al tolerance trait in soybean which in turn would contribute to gain in soybean productivity on acid soils.

Project description:Gene expression profiling in soybean under aluminum stress: Transcriptome response to Al stress in roots of Al-tolerant genotype (PI 416937). Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major constraint of crop production on acid soils. Many commercial soybean cultivars and advanced breeding lines have been evaluated for Al tolerance. Aluminum tolerance is quantitatively inherited trait in soybean making it difficult for genetic improvement. Understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms of tolerance is crucial for developing efficient and effective programs aimed at improving Al tolerance trait The molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance is poorly understood in soybean. The objective of the research was to identify candidate aluminum tolerance genes in soybean Al-tolerant soybean genotype PI 416937 seedlings were exposed to zero or 10 µM Al in growth chamber under hydroponic conditions for four time span of 2, 12, 48 and 72 hrs in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Microarray analysis was made on mRNA isolated from 1 cm log tap root tips using Affymetrix soybean array with over 68,000 probe sets Glycine max L and wild soybean combined. Both novel and known genes were discovered in response to Al treatment. They include Al tolerance relevant proteins, families of transcription factors, zinc finger, bZIP, WRKY, MYB, ADR6, and NAC domain proteins were induced likely regulating Al tolerance downstream genes. Stress related proteins, cytochrome P450, glutathione-s transferase, glutaredoxin family and ascorbic acid biosynthesis protein were induced as signatures of cellular detoxification mechanisms. An ABC type multidrug resistance protein that could act as citrate transporter or Al exporter was up-regulated, a key Al tolerance mechanisms in several species. A cell wall loosening enzyme endoxylglucan hydrolases were also up-regulated probably reversing the wall rigidification caused by Al and promoting root growth under Al stress. Phytosulfokines growth factor involved in cell division and proliferation was up-regulated likely as a direct counter action to Al toxicity which inhibits root growth by limiting cell division and elongation. In conclusion, the Al tolerance candidate genes identified herein are potential targets for future genetic engineering and molecular breeding work on Al tolerance trait in soybean which in turn would contribute to gain in soybean productivity on acid soils. One genotype PI 416937 (p); four time points: (2, 12, 48, and 72 hrs), with replicates (2 or 3)

Project description:Gene expression patterns in roots of Camelina sativa with enhanced salinity tolerance arising from growth in soil treated with plant growth promoting bacteria producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase) or from expression of the corresponding acdS gene in transgenic lines. Salinity stress negatively affects crop production. However in camelina, grown in soils treated with PGPB producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (acdS ) or transgenic lines expressing acdS exhibited increased salinity tolerance. AcdS reducing the level of stress ethylene to below the point where it is inhibitory to growth. Gene expression patterns in roots responding to salt stress was affected by the expression of acdS under the control of CaMV 35S or root-specific (rolD) promoters in transgenic lines, or by growth in soils treated with endophytic PGPB producing acdS indicate that the number of the genes were differentially expressed were more assigned to genome III in transgenic plants however in PGPB treated plants the number of the genes were differentially expressed were almost equally assigned to all three genomes. Different promoter may induce different set or even different homeologues genes in camelina with probably the same function in response to salt stress. Though root is not a photosynthetic tissue reduction of the ethylene in root cells has positive effect on plant photosynthetic machinery. The expression of the genes involved in minor CHO metabolism was up-regulated mainly in roots of acdS contain plants during salt stress. Moderate reduction in ethylene production has positive effect on root growth during salt stress but reduction of the ethylene higher than a certain level has negative effect on root growth due to reduction of the expression of the genes involved in root cell elongation. AcdS gene modulating the level of ROS in cells in the level that induce ROS signaling but preventing cellular damage by make a balance on up and down-regulation of the genes involved in oxidation-reduction process in root cells under salinity stress. The acdS containing PGPB (8R6) were mostly effected the ethylene signaling and ABA biosynthesis and signaling in positive way but transgenic line depends to the promoter affecting Auxin, JA and BR signaling or biosynthesis.

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Transcriptomic response to aluminum stress in roots of aspen (Populus tremula L.)

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