Genome-wide expression profiling of mediastinal lymph nodal metastasis of stage IIIA NSCLC patients before neoadjuvant chemotherapy
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ABSTRACT: Non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide due to late diagnosis and lack of effective therapies to treat metastatic disease. About one third of NSCLC patients present at diagnosis with locally advanced cancer (stage IIIA) which metastasizes ipsilateral mediastinal or subcarinal lymph nodes (N2). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by surgery is the treatment of choice for resectable N2 disease. However, the majority of patients do not respond to NACT and show persistent lymph nodal metastases and an adverse outcome. Our scant knowledge of the molecular biology of lymph node metastases (LNmets) represents a major obstacle to develop more effective therapies. Here, we investigated gene expression profile (coding and non-coding) of LNmets collected by endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and mediastinoscopy, in two cohorts of stage IIIA patients before NACT (N=70). We discovered a microRNA expression signature in LNmets predictive of NACT response of N2 patients. Importantly, we unveiled a miR-455-5p/PD-L1 regulatory axis which drives chemotherapy resistance and impact T cell viability in NSCLC. Our data suggests the relevance of LNmets molecular profiling to predict response to NACT likewise presents strong evidences of a miRNA-based mechanism which functionally links chemotherapy response with PD-L1 regulation.
Project description:Non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide due to late diagnosis and lack of effective therapies to treat metastatic disease. About one third of NSCLC patients present at diagnosis with locally advanced cancer (stage IIIA) which metastasizes ipsilateral mediastinal or subcarinal lymph nodes (N2). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by surgery is the treatment of choice for resectable N2 disease. However, the majority of patients do not respond to NACT and show persistent lymph nodal metastases and an adverse outcome. Our scant knowledge of the molecular biology of lymph node metastases (LNmets) represents a major obstacle to develop more effective therapies. Here, we investigated gene expression profile (coding and non-coding) of LNmets collected by endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and mediastinoscopy, in two cohorts of stage IIIA patients before NACT (N=70). We discovered a microRNA expression signature in LNmets predictive of NACT response of N2 patients. Importantly, we unveiled a miR-455-5p/PD-L1 regulatory axis which drives chemotherapy resistance and impact T cell viability in NSCLC. Our data suggests the relevance of LNmets molecular profiling to predict response to NACT likewise presents strong evidences of a miRNA-based mechanism which functionally links chemotherapy response with PD-L1 regulation.
Project description:BACKGROUND. Precise stratification of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is needed for appropriate application of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. METHODS. We measured soluble (s) forms of the PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4 in plasma of patients with advanced NSCLC before PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Prospective biomarker finding trial (cohort A), 50 patients with pretreated NSCLC received nivolumab. In cohort B to E, retrospective observational study, soluble immune checkpoint molecules were evaluated for patients with advanced NSCLC treated with any PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (cohort B and C), cytotoxic chemotherapy (D) or targeted therapy (E). Blood samples were obtained from all patients and soluble immune checkpoint molecules were evaluated using a highly sensitive chemiluminescence-based assay. RESULTS. Nonresponsiveness to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy was associated with higher concentrations of these soluble immune factors among patients with immune-reactive (hot) tumors. Such correlation was not observed in patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy or targeted therapies. Integrative analysis of tumor size, PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue (tPD-L1), and gene expression in tumor tissue and peripheral CD8+ T cells revealed that high concentrations of the three soluble immune factors were associated with hyper or terminal exhaustion of antitumor immunity. The combination of sPD-L1 and sCTLA-4 efficiently discriminated responsiveness among patients with immune-reactive tumors. CONCLUSION. Combinations of soluble immune factors might be able to identify patients unlikely to respond to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as a result of terminal exhaustion of antitumor immunity. Our data suggest such a combination might provide a biomarker complementary to tPD-L1 for NSCLC patients.
Project description:Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, of which approximately 85% are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced NSCLC was significantly prolonged with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis. For early-stage lung cancer, the 5-year survival rate for patients ranges from 80% in stage IA to 41% in stage IIIA, and many cases relapse after surgical resection. Currently, multiple clinical trials have manifested the encouraging efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in stage I-IIIA resectable NSCLC. However, the effect of immunotherapy in ultra early-stage NSCLC patients with micro-invasive or even pre-invasive lesions remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the activity and safety of sintilimab on high-risk ground glass opacity lesions in multiple primary lung cancer patients.
Project description:Dendritic cells (DCs) express high levels of PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment and draining lymph nodes. Here, we explore the roles of PD-L1 signaling during immunogenic chemotherapy. DC-conditional PD-L1 knockout mice were inoculated with MC38-OVA tumors and treated with doxorubicin. T cells were isolated from draining lymph node for single cell RNA sequencing.
Project description:Immunotherapy has improved the prognosis of patients with advanced non-small cell lung
cancer (NSCLC), but only a small subset of patients achieved clinical benefit. The purpose of our study was to integrate multidimensional data using a machine learning method to predict the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) monotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.The authors retrospectively enrolled 112 patients with stage IIIB-IV NSCLC receiving ICIs monotherapy. The random forest (RF) algorithm was used to establish efficacy prediction models based on five different input datasets, including precontrast computed tomography (CT) radiomic data, postcontrast CT radiomic data, combination of the two CT radiomic data, clinical data, and a combination of radiomic and clinical data. The 5-fold cross-validation was used to train and test the random forest classifier. The performance of the models was assessed according to the area under the curve (AUC) in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Among these models(RF MLP LR XGBoost), our reproduced onnx models have better performance, especially for random forest. The response variable with a value (1/0) indicates the (efficacy/inefficacy) of PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC
Project description:PD-1/PD-L1 blockade did not show survival benefit in high grade ovarian carcinomas. By using paired samples from the NeoPembrOv randomized phase II trial and by combining RNA-seq and multiplexed immunofluorescence stainings, we explored the impact of NeoAdjuvant ChemoTherapy (NACT) ± Pembrolizumab (P) on the tumor environment and identified parameters correlating to response. 1) The combination therapy resulted in a significant increase of intraepithelial CD8+PD-1+ T cells that correlated to clinical benefit. 2) High CD8B/FOXP3 and high CD8B/ENTPD1 ratios were significantly associated with response to NACT+P, while KDR and VEGFR2 expression were associated with resistance. 3) Combining endothelial and monocyte signatures and the CD8B/FOXP3 ratio predicted response to NACT+P with an AUC of 0.93 (95% CI 0.84–1.00). These results indicate that targeting regulatory T cells and endothelial cells, especially VEGFR2+ endothelial cells, could overcome ovarian cancer immune resistance.
Project description:Chemotherapy with anti PD-1/PD-L1 mAb has become the standard of care for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using lung tumor models, where pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy (PEM/CDDP) remains unable to synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), we linked failure of this treatment with its inability to induce CXCL10 expression and CD8+ T cell recruitment. Using drug screening, we showed that combining a MEK inhibitor (MEKi) with PEM/CDDP triggers CXCL10 secretion by cancer cells and CD8+ T cell recruitment, and restores ICI efficacy. PEM/CDDP plus MEKi promotes optineurin (OPTN)-dependent mitophagy, resulting in CXCL10 production in a mitochondrial DNA and TLR9-dependent manner. TLR9 or autophagy/mitophagy processes genetic inactivation of abort the antitumor efficacy of PEM/CDDP plus MEKi/anti PD-L1 therapy. In human NSCLC, high OPTN, TLR9 and CXCL10 expression is associated with better response to ICI. Our results underline the role of TLR9 and OPTN-dependent mitophagy in enhancing chemoimmunotherapy efficacy.
Project description:Chemotherapy with anti PD-1/PD-L1 mAb has become the standard of care for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using lung tumor models, where pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy (PEM/CDDP) remains unable to synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), we linked failure of this treatment with its inability to induce CXCL10 expression and CD8+ T cell recruitment. Using drug screening, we showed that combining a MEK inhibitor (MEKi) with PEM/CDDP triggers CXCL10 secretion by cancer cells and CD8+ T cell recruitment, and restores ICI efficacy. PEM/CDDP plus MEKi promotes optineurin (OPTN)-dependent mitophagy, resulting in CXCL10 production in a mitochondrial DNA and TLR9-dependent manner. TLR9 or autophagy/mitophagy processes genetic inactivation of abort the antitumor efficacy of PEM/CDDP plus MEKi/anti PD-L1 therapy. In human NSCLC, high OPTN, TLR9 and CXCL10 expression is associated with better response to ICI. Our results underline the role of TLR9 and OPTN-dependent mitophagy in enhancing chemoimmunotherapy efficacy.
Project description:Chemotherapy with anti PD-1/PD-L1 mAb has become the standard of care for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using lung tumor models, where pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy (PEM/CDDP) remains unable to synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), we linked failure of this treatment with its inability to induce CXCL10 expression and CD8+ T cell recruitment. Using drug screening, we showed that combining a MEK inhibitor (MEKi) with PEM/CDDP triggers CXCL10 secretion by cancer cells and CD8+ T cell recruitment, and restores ICI efficacy. PEM/CDDP plus MEKi promotes optineurin (OPTN)-dependent mitophagy, resulting in CXCL10 production in a mitochondrial DNA and TLR9-dependent manner. TLR9 or autophagy/mitophagy processes genetic inactivation of abort the antitumor efficacy of PEM/CDDP plus MEKi/anti PD-L1 therapy. In human NSCLC, high OPTN, TLR9 and CXCL10 expression is associated with better response to ICI. Our results underline the role of TLR9 and OPTN-dependent mitophagy in enhancing chemoimmunotherapy efficacy.