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PfSET2 is involved in genome organization of var gene family in Plasmodium falciparum [ChIPseq_HP1]

ABSTRACT: The three-dimensional (3D) genome structure of human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is highly organized and plays important roles in regulating coordinated expression patterns of specific genes such as virulence genes which are involved in antigenic variation and immune escape. However, the molecular mechanisms that control 3D genome of the parasite remain elusive. Here by analyzing genome organization in P. falciparum, we identify high-interacting regions (HIRs) with strong chromatin interactions telomeres and virulence genes loci. Specifically, HIRs are highly enriched with repressive histone marks (H3K36me3 and H3K9me3) and form the transcriptional repressive center. Deletion of PfSETvs, which controls H3K36me3 level, results in marked reduction of both intra-chromosomal and inter-chromosomal interactions for HIRs. Importantly, such chromatin reorganization coordinates with dymamic changes in epigenetic feature in HIRs and specifically activation of var genes. Our results uncover a fundamental mechanism that the epigenetic factor PfSETvs controls the 3D organization of heterochromatin in regulating the transcription activities of var genes family in P. falciparum.

ORGANISM(S): Plasmodium falciparum 3D7

PROVIDER: GSE193761 | GEO | 2022/12/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The development of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is controlled by coordinated changes in gene expression throughout its complex life cycle, but the corresponding regulatory mechanisms are incompletely understood. To study the relation between genome architecture and gene regulation in Plasmodium, we studied the genome structure of P. falciparum at three time points during its erythrocytic (asexual) cycle. Using chromosome conformation capture coupled with next-generation sequencing technology (Hi-C), we obtained high-resolution chromosomal contact maps, which we then used to construct a consensus three-dimensional genome structure for each time point. We observe strong clustering of centromeres, telomeres, ribosomal DNA and virulence genes, resulting in a complex architecture that cannot be explained by a simple volume exclusion model. Internal virulence gene clusters appear to be an important factor in shaping the genome architecture as they exhibit domain-like structures similar to topological domains in mammalian genomes. Midway during the cell cycle, at the highly transcriptionally active trophozoite stage, the genome adopts a more open chromatin structure with increased chromosomal intermingling. In addition, we observed reduced expression of genes located in spatial proximity to the repressive subtelomeric center, and colocalization of distinct groups of parasite-specific genes with coordinated expression profiles. Overall, our results are indicative of a strong association between the P. falciparum spatial genome organization and gene expression. Understanding the molecular processes involved in genome conformation dynamics could contribute to the discovery of novel antimalarial strategies. Analysis of the spatial organization of the P. falciparum genome at three stages of the erythrocytic cycle using chromosome conformation capture coupled with next generation sequencing (Hi-C). As a control, we included one sample for which chromatin contacts were not preserved by crosslinking of DNA and proteins.

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PfSET2 is involved in genome organization of var gene family in Plasmodium falciparum [ChIPseq_HP1]

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