Multimodal analyses of a non-human primate model harboring mutant amyloid precursor protein transgenes driven by the human EF1α promoter
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Callithrix jacchus
PROVIDER: GSE194006 | GEO | 2022/03/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the first leading cause of dementia which afflicts tens of millions of people worldwide. Despite many scientific progresses to dissect the molecular basis of AD from studies on various mouse models, it has been suffered from evolutionary species differences between mice and humans. Here, we report generation of a non-human primate, common marmoset (marmoset; Callithrix jacchus) model that ubiquitously expresses Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) transgenes with the Swedish (KM670/671NL) and Indiana (V717F) mutations. We generated two female transgenic marmosets (TG1 and TG2), whose transgene integration was thoroughly investigated by genomic PCR, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. Using the reprogramming technology, we confirmed the validity of the transgene expression in induced neurons in vitro. Moreover, we discovered structural changes in specific brain regions of transgenic marmosets by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, including in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. In postmortem histological analysis, we detected increased Aβ plaque formation in the TG1 cerebrum at the age of 7 years, although evident neuronal loss or glial inflammation was not observed. Thus, this study summarizes our attempt to establish a non-human primate model of AD, which may be beneficial for drug development and further disease modeling in combination with other genetically engineered models.
2022-03-01 | GSE194005 | GEO
Project description:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the first leading cause of dementia which afflicts tens of millions of people worldwide. Despite many scientific progresses to dissect the molecular basis of AD from studies on various mouse models, it has been suffered from evolutionary species differences between mice and humans. Here, we report generation of a non-human primate, common marmoset (marmoset; Callithrix jacchus) model that ubiquitously expresses Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) transgenes with the Swedish (KM670/671NL) and Indiana (V717F) mutations. We generated two female transgenic marmosets (TG1 and TG2), whose transgene integration was thoroughly investigated by genomic PCR, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. Using the reprogramming technology, we confirmed the validity of the transgene expression in induced neurons in vitro. Moreover, we discovered structural changes in specific brain regions of transgenic marmosets by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, including in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. In postmortem histological analysis, we detected increased Aβ plaque formation in the TG1 cerebrum at the age of 7 years, although evident neuronal loss or glial inflammation was not observed. Thus, this study summarizes our attempt to establish a non-human primate model of AD, which may be beneficial for drug development and further disease modeling in combination with other genetically engineered models.
2022-03-01 | GSE192674 | GEO
Project description:Multimodal analyses of a non-human primate model harboring mutant amyloid precursor protein transgenes driven by the human EF1α promoter
| PRJNA798724 | ENA
Project description:Multimodal analyses of a non-human primate model harboring mutant amyloid precursor protein transgenes driven by the human EF1α promoter [WGS]
| PRJNA798728 | ENA
Project description:Multimodal analyses of a non-human primate model harboring mutant amyloid precursor protein transgenes driven by the human EF1α promoter [RNA-seq]
| PRJNA792591 | ENA
Project description:PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess characteristics of SJ-815, a novel oncolytic vaccinia virus lacking a functional thymidine kinase-encoding TK gene, and instead, having two human transgenes: the IFNB1 that encodes interferon ?1, and the CES2 that encodes carboxylesterase 2, which metabolizes the prodrug, irinotecan, into cytotoxic SN-38.Materials and methodsViral replication and dissemination of SJ-815 were measured by plaque assay and comet assay, respectively, and compared to the backbone of SJ-815, a modified Western Reserve virus named WI. Tumor cytotoxicity of SJ-815 (or mSJ-815, which has the murine IFNB1 transgene for mouse cancers) was evaluated using human and mouse cancer cells. Antitumor effects of SJ-815, with/without irinotecan, were evaluated using a human pancreatic cancer-bearing mouse model and a syngeneic melanoma-bearing mouse model. The SN-38/ irinotecan ratios in mouse melanoma tissue 4 days post irinotecan treatment were compared between groups with and without SJ-815 intravenous injection.ResultsSJ-815 demonstrated significantly lower viral replication and dissemination, but considerably stronger in vitro tumor cytotoxicity than WI. The combination use of SJ-815 plus irinotecan generated substantial tumor regression in the human pancreatic cancer model, and significantly prolonged survival in the melanoma model (hazard ratio, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 0.50; p=0.013). The tumor SN-38/irinotecan ratios were over 3-fold higher in the group with SJ-815 than those without (p < 0.001).ConclusionSJ-815 demonstrates distinct characteristics gained from the inserted IFNB1 and CES2 transgenes. The potent antitumor effects of SJ-815, particularly when combined with irinotecan, against multiple solid tumors make SJ-815 an attractive candidate for further preclinical and clinical studies.
| S-EPMC6962490 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Years before Alzheimer's disease (AD) is diagnosed, patients experience an impaired sense of smell, and β-amyloid plaques accumulate within the olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulb (OB). The olfactory vector hypothesis proposes that external agents cause β-amyloid to aggregate and spread from the OB to connected downstream brain regions. To reproduce the slow accumulation of β-amyloid that occurs in human AD, we investigated the progressive accumulation of β-amyloid across the brain using a conditional mouse model that overexpresses a humanized mutant form of the amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) in olfactory sensory neurons. Using design-based stereology, we show the progressive accumulation of β-amyloid plaques within the OB and cortical olfactory regions with age. We also observe reduced OB volumes in these mice when hAPP expression begins prior-to but not post-weaning which we tracked using manganese-enhanced MRI. We therefore conclude that the reduced OB volume does not represent progressive degeneration but rather disrupted OB development. Overall, our data demonstrate that hAPP expression in the olfactory epithelium can lead to the accumulation and spread of β-amyloid through the olfactory system into the hippocampus, consistent with an olfactory system role in the early stages of β-amyloid-related AD progression.
| S-EPMC10065898 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Genetic variations in promoter sequences that alter gene expression play a prominent role in increasing susceptibility to complex diseases. Also, expression levels of APP are essentially regulated by its core promoter and 5' upstream regulatory region and correlate with amyloid beta levels in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains. Here, we systematically sequenced the proximal promoter (-766/+204) and two functional distal regions (-2634/-2159 and -2096/-1563) of APP in two independent AD series with onset ages < or =70 years (Belgian sample, n=180; Dutch sample, n=111) and identified eight novel sequence variants. Three mutations (-118C-->A, -369C-->G, and -534G-->A) identified only in patients with AD showed, in vitro, a nearly twofold neuron-specific increase in APP transcriptional activity, similar to what is expected from triplication of APP in Down syndrome. These mutations either abolished (AP-2 and HES-1) or created (Oct1) transcription-factor binding sites involved in the development and differentiation of neuronal systems. Also, two of these clustered in the 200-bp region (-540/-340) of the APP promoter that showed the highest degree of species conservation. The present study provides evidence that APP-promoter mutations that significantly increase APP expression levels are associated with AD.
| S-EPMC1474091 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Several pathophysiological functions of the human ?-amyloid precursor protein (APP) have been recently proposed in different human diseases such as neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders including rare diseases such as autism, fragile X syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Lesch-Nyhan disease; common and complex disorders such as Alzheimer's disease; metabolic disorders such as diabetes; and also cancer. APP as well as all of its proteolytic fragments including the amyloid-? (A?) peptide, are part of normal physiology. The targeting of the components of APP proteolytic processing as a pharmacologic strategy will not be without consequences. Recent research results highlight the impact of alternative splicing (AS) process on human disease, and may provide new directions for the research on the impact of the human APP on human diseases. The identification of molecules capable of correcting and/or inhibiting pathological splicing events is therefore an important issue for future therapeutic approaches. To this end, the defective APP-mRNA isoform responsible for the disease in cells and tissues appears as an ideal target for epigenetic therapeutic intervention and antisense drugs are potential treatment.
| S-EPMC7179352 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The accumulation of amyloid beta (Abeta) in Alzheimer's disease is caused by an imbalance of production and clearance, which leads to increased soluble Abeta species and extracellular plaque formation in the brain. Multiple Abeta-lowering therapies are currently in development: an important goal is to characterize the molecular mechanisms of action and effects on physiological processing of Abeta, as well as other amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolites, in models which approximate human Abeta physiology. To this end, we report the translation of the human in vivo stable-isotope-labeling kinetics (SILK) method to a rhesus monkey cisterna magna ported (CMP) nonhuman primate model, and use the model to test the mechanisms of action of a gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI). A major concern of inhibiting the enzymes which produce Abeta (beta- and gamma-secretase) is that precursors of Abeta may accumulate and cause a rapid increase in Abeta production when enzyme inhibition discontinues. In this study, the GSI MK-0752 was administered to conscious CMP rhesus monkeys in conjunction with in vivo stable-isotope-labeling, and dose-dependently reduced newly generated CNS Abeta. In contrast to systemic Abeta metabolism, CNS Abeta production was not increased after the GSI was cleared. These results indicate that most of the CNS APP was metabolized to products other than Abeta, including C-terminal truncated forms of Abeta: 1-14, 1-15 and 1-16; this demonstrates an alternative degradation pathway for CNS amyloid precursor protein during gamma-secretase inhibition.
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