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Discovery of a dual PROTAC for degrading WDR5 and Ikaros oncoproteins as therapeutics [GRO-Seq]

ABSTRACT: WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5), a chromatin regulator associated with MLL complex and MYC oncoproteins, was shown to be critical for oncogenesis in human cancers and represents an attractive drug target. Inhibitors for targeting protein-protein interaction interfaces (PPIs) within WDR5 were developed; however, they inhibited only a part of WDR5-mediated functional interactions, exerting rather limited antitumor effects. We report a cereblon (CRBN)-based proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) of WDR5, MS40, which is capable of selectively degrading cellular WDR5 and the well-established IMiDs:CRBN targets such as Ikaros (IKZF1). MS40-induced WDR5 degradation caused disassociation of MLL complex off chromatin, resulting in a decrease of global H3K4me2. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that gene targets of WDR5 and IMiDs:CRBN were both repressed by MS40. In MLL-rearranged acute leukemias, which exhibit high IKZF1 expression and IKZF1 dependency, co-suppression of WDR5 and IKZF1/3 by MS40 is superior at suppressing tumor growth not only to WDR5 PPI inhibitors but also to a matched VHL-based WDR5 PROTAC, MS169, which selectively targets WDR5 only. Furthermore, MS40 suppressed growth of primary leukemia patient cells in vitro and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in vivo. Collectively, we report the discovery of a dual WDR5 and Ikaros degrader as anti-cancer therapeutic.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE195729 | GEO | 2022/05/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Discovery of a dual PROTAC for degrading WDR5 and Ikaros oncoproteins as therapeutics [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5), a chromatin regulator associated with MLL complex and MYC oncoproteins, was shown to be critical for oncogenesis in human cancers and represents an attractive drug target. Inhibitors for targeting protein-protein interaction interfaces (PPIs) within WDR5 were developed; however, they inhibited only a part of WDR5-mediated functional interactions, exerting rather limited antitumor effects. We report a cereblon (CRBN)-based proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) of WDR5, MS40, which is capable of selectively degrading cellular WDR5 and well-established imide:CRBN targets such as Ikaros (IKZF1). MS40-induced WDR5 degradation caused disassociation of MLL complex off chromatin, resulting in a decrease of global H3K4me2. Transcriptomic profiling also revealed targets of both WDR5 and imide:CRBN to be repressed by MS40. In MLL-rearranged acute leukemias, which exhibit high IKZF1 expression and IKZF1 dependency, co-suppression of WDR5 and IKZF1/3 by MS40 is superior at suppressing tumor growth not only to WDR5 PPI inhibitors but also to a VHL-based WDR5 PROTAC, MS169, which selectively targets WDR5 only. Furthermore, MS40 suppressed growth of primary leukemia patient cells in vitro and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in vivo. Collectively, we report the discovery of a dual WDR5 and Ikaros degrader as anti-cancer therapeutic.

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Discovery of a dual PROTAC for degrading WDR5 and Ikaros oncoproteins as therapeutics [RNA-Seq]

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RUNX proteins desensitize multiple myeloma to lenalidomide via protecting IKZFs from degradation

Project description:Ikaros family zinc finger protein 1 and 3 (IKZF1 and IKZF3) are transcription factors that promote multiple myeloma (MM) proliferation. The immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD) lenalidomide promotes myeloma cell death via Cereblon (CRBN)-dependent ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3. Although IMiDs have been used as first-line drugs for MM, the overall survival of refractory MM patients remains poor and demands the identification of novel agents to potentiate the therapeutic effect of IMiDs. Using an unbiased screen based on mass spectrometry, we identified the Runt-related transcription factor 1 and 3 (RUNX1 and RUNX3) as interactors of IKZF1 and IKZF3. Interaction with RUNX1 and RUNX3 inhibits CRBN-dependent binding, ubiquitylation and degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3 upon lenalidomide treatment. Inhibition of RUNXs, via genetic ablation or a small molecule (AI-10-104), results in sensitization of myeloma cell lines and primary tumors to lenalidomide. Thus, RUNX inhibition represents a valuable therapeutic opportunity to potentiate IMiDs therapy for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

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Project description:The precise molecular mechanism of action and targets through which thalidomide and related immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) exert their anti-tumor effects remains unclear. We investigated the role of cereblon (CRBN), a primary teratogenic target of thalidomide, in the anti-myeloma activity of IMiDs. CRBN depletion is initially cytotoxic to human myeloma cells but surviving cells with stable CRBN depletion become highly resistant to both lenalidomide and pomalidomide, but not to the unrelated drugs bortezomib, dexamethasone and melphalan. Acquired deletion of CRBN was found to be the primary genetic event differentiating isogenic MM1.S cell lines cultured to be sensitive or resistant to lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Gene expression changes induced by lenalidomide were dramatically suppressed in the presence of CRBN depletion further demonstrating that CRBN is required for lenalidomide activity. Downstream targets of CRBN include interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) previously reported to also be a target of lenalidomide. Patients exposed to and putatively resistant to lenalidomide had lower CRBN levels in paired samples before and after therapy. In summary, CRBN is an essential requirement for IMiD activity, and a possible biomarker for the clinical assessment of anti-myeloma efficacy. We included 15 samples from multiple myeloma cell lines.

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Cereblon expression is required for the anti-myeloma activity of lenalidomide and pomalidomide [aCGH]

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pSILAC mass spectrometry reveals ZFP91 as novel IMiD dependent substrate of the CRL4CRBN ligase

Project description:Thalidomide and its derivatives lenalidomide and pomalidomide (IMiDs) are effective treatments of hematologic malignancies. It was shown that IMiDs impart gain of function properties to the CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-CRBN (CRL4CRBN) ubiquitin ligase that enable binding, ubiquitination and degradation of key therapeutic targets such as IKFZ1, IKZF3 and CSNK1A1. While these substrates have been implicated as efficacy targets in multiple myeloma (MM) and 5q deletion associated myelodysplastic syndrome (del(5q)-MDS), other targets likely exist. Using a pulse-chase SILAC mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach, we demonstrate that lenalidomide induces the ubiquitination and degradation of ZFP91. We establish that ZFP91 is a bona fide IMiD dependent CRL4CRBN substrate and further show that ZFP91 harbors a zinc finger (ZnF) motif, related to the IKZF1/3 ZnF, critical for IMiD dependent CRBN binding. These findings demonstrate that single time point pulse-chase SILAC mass spectrometry-based proteomics (pSILAC-MS) is a sensitive approach for target identification of small molecules inducing selective protein degradation.

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Effects of lenalidomide and/or imatinib treatment on gene expression of Ph-positive KOPN-57bi cells.

Project description:Even after the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the long-term prognosis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) is still unsatisfactory, which is thought to be associated with the high incidence of genetic alterations of Ikaros family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1). Lenalidomide (LEN), a representative of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), has been effectively used for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM), and its cytotoxic effect was recently shown to be mediated, at least in part, by marked down-regulation of IKZFs 1 and 3 expression through the interaction with the receptor cereblon (CRBN) forming a part of the Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase. In the present study, we examined the effects of LEN on ALL cells with a variety of genetic alterations and found that Ph+ALL cells expressing a dominant-negative IKZF1 isoform Ik6 which lacks the CRBN binding site were specifically sensitive to LEN where accumulation of Ik6 with disappearance of functional IKZF1 isoforms and the abrupt fall from very high levels of IKZF3 expression were documented. To examine the effect of lenalidomide and/or imatinib treatment on Ph-positive ALL cells from the viewpoint of gene expression, we performed micro array analysis. Of importance, the induction of apoptosis of Ph+ALL cells, even with the T315I mutation of BCR-ABL, was enhanced when they were treated with TKI in the presence of LEN. This synergism between LEN and TKIs was demonstrated in the xenograft mice model. IMiDs, now called as CRBN modulators, should be an attractive approach for potentiating responsiveness of Ph+ALL cells to TKIs, and this drug repositioning certainly facilitates their long-term survival if the effective combination regimen is warranted.

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Ikaros and Aiolos directly regulate AP-1 transcriptional complexes and are essential for natural killer cell development [ATAC-seq]

Project description:Ikaros family transcription factors regulate lymphocyte biology and are targets of the immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) for hematological malignancies. Ikaros (Ikzf1/IKZF1) is the most broadly expressed family member in lymphocytes, yet its role in innate lymphopoiesis is unknown. Here we used gene inactivation to reveal that NK cell-expression of Ikaros is essential for normal NK lymphopoiesis. Mechanistically, IKZF1 directly repressed Cish and Socs2, known negative regulators of IL-15R resulting in impaired IL-15 signaling in Ikzf1-null NK cells. Bcl2l11/BIM levels and apoptosis were increased in Ikzf1-null NK cells which in part accounted for the NK lymphopenia since both apoptosis and NK cell frequency were restored to normal levels when Ikzf1 and Bcl2l11 were co-deleted. Ikzf1-null NK cells presented extensive transcriptional alterations with a striking reduction in expression of genes encoding AP-1 transcriptional complexes (Fos/Jun members) and a compensatory increase in Ikzf2 and Ikzf3. Both IKZF1 and IKZF3 directly bound AP-1 family members and deletion of both Ikzf1 and Ikzf3 in NK cells resulted in a further reduction in Jun/Fos expression and a complete loss of peripheral NK cells in mice. Consistently, IKZF1 bound Jun/Fos genes at the same locations in activated B cells identifying a novel and conserved role for IKZF1 in Jun/Fos regulation. Collectively we show the Ikaros-family are novel regulators of apoptosis, cytokine responsiveness and AP-1 transcriptional activity required for NK cell development and function.

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