Differential requirements for the BAF and ncBAF subfamilies of the mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes during skeletal muscle differentiation.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE196281 | GEO | 2023/07/10
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Copper (Cu)-binding transcription factors are emerging as important regulators of gene expression during skeletal muscle differentiation. Our group has shown that the classic Metal Transcription Factor 1, MTF1, works cooperatively with the myogenic factor MyoD to promote skeletal muscle differentiation and ensure viability of murine primary myoblasts. Preliminary evidence showed that MTF1 interacts with members of the mammalian SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (mSWI/SNF) family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes to promote differential gene expression in proliferating and differentiating myoblasts. mSWI/SNF complexes are assembled into three major subfamilies that are distinguished by the presence of mutually exclusive subunits: cBAF (canonical BRG1 or BRM-Associated Factor), PBAF (Polybromo containing BAF), or ncBAF (non-canonical BAF). The mechanisms by which each subfamily contributes to the establishment or function of specific cell lineages are poorly understood. We determined the contributions of the BAF, ncBAF, and PBAF complexes to myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and metal homeostasis via knock-down (KD) of a distinguishing subunit of each complex (Baf250A, Brd9, and Baf180, respectively). Biochemical, molecular and RNA-seq analyses showed that Baf250A KD reduced myoblast proliferation rate and differentiation. Brd9 KD resulted in a minor proliferation defect and a delay in myogenesis. KD of Baf180 and other PBAF-specific subunits did not impact proliferation or differentiation but affected the maintenance of metal homeostasis in myoblasts. The data support a model for differential roles and interactions between MTF1 and a novel category of Cu-binding transcription factors and the SWI/SNF enzymes in the development and homeostasis of the skeletal muscle lineage.
2024-10-26 | GSE253377 | GEO
Project description:Copper (Cu)-binding transcription factors are emerging as important regulators of gene expression during skeletal muscle differentiation. Our group has shown that the classic Metal Transcription Factor 1, MTF1, works cooperatively with the myogenic factor MyoD to promote skeletal muscle differentiation and ensure viability of murine primary myoblasts. Preliminary evidence showed that MTF1 interacts with members of the mammalian SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (mSWI/SNF) family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes to promote differential gene expression in proliferating and differentiating myoblasts. mSWI/SNF complexes are assembled into three major subfamilies that are distinguished by the presence of mutually exclusive subunits: cBAF (canonical BRG1 or BRM-Associated Factor), PBAF (Polybromo containing BAF), or ncBAF (non-canonical BAF). The mechanisms by which each subfamily contributes to the establishment or function of specific cell lineages are poorly understood. We determined the contributions of the BAF, ncBAF, and PBAF complexes to myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and metal homeostasis via knock-down (KD) of a distinguishing subunit of each complex (Baf250A, Brd9, and Baf180, respectively). Biochemical, molecular and RNA-seq analyses showed that Baf250A KD reduced myoblast proliferation rate and differentiation. Brd9 KD resulted in a minor proliferation defect and a delay in myogenesis. KD of Baf180 and other PBAF-specific subunits did not impact proliferation or differentiation but affected the maintenance of metal homeostasis in myoblasts. The data support a model for differential roles and interactions between MTF1 and a novel category of Cu-binding transcription factors and the SWI/SNF enzymes in the development and homeostasis of the skeletal muscle lineage.
2024-10-26 | GSE253376 | GEO
Project description:We performed RNA-seq to investigate global changes in gene expression in proliferating myoblasts transduced with either the scramble, Baf250A, Brd9 or Baf180 shRNAs. This study revelaed that the Baf250-containing BAF complex and the Brd9-containing ncBAF complex contribute to myoblast proliferation but the Baf180-containing PBAF subfamily does not.
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Project description:The non-canonical BAF complex (ncBAF) subunit BRD9 is essential for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell viability but has an unclear role in leukemogenesis. Because BRD9 is required for ncBAF complex assembly through its DUF3512 domain, precise bromodomain inhibition is necessary to parse the role of BRD9 as a transcriptional regulator from that of a scaffolding protein. To understand the specific role of BRD9 bromodomain function in regulating AML, we selected a panel of five AML cell lines with distinct driver mutations, disease classifications, and genomic aberrations and subjected them to short-term BRD9 bromodomain inhibition. We characterized the bromodomain-dependent growth of these cell lines, identifying a dependency in AML cell lines but not HEK293T cells. To define a mechanism through which BRD9 maintains AML cell survival, we examined nascent transcription, chromatin accessibility, and ncBAF complex binding genome-wide after bromodomain inhibition. We identified extensive regulation of transcription by BRD9 bromodomain activity, including ATACseq_Repression of myeloid maturation factors and tumor suppressor genes, while standard AML chemotherapy targets (Bcl2, Btk, Kit) were ATACseq_Repressed by inhibition of the BRD9 bromodomain. BRD9 bromodomain activity maintained accessible chromatin at both gene promoters and gene-distal putative enhancer regions, in a manner that qualitatively correlated with enrichment of BRD9 binding. Furthermore, we identified reduced chromatin accessibility at GATA, ETS, and AP-1 motifs and increased chromatin accessibility at SNAIL-, HIC-, and TP53-recognized motifs after BRD9 inhibition. We interpret these data as signifying a role for BRD9 in regulating the differentiation block that is common to all AML subtypes through modulation of accessibility at hematopoietic transcription factor binding sites.
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Project description:The non-canonical BAF complex (ncBAF) subunit BRD9 is essential for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell viability but has an unclear role in leukemogenesis. Because BRD9 is required for ncBAF complex assembly through its DUF3512 domain, precise bromodomain inhibition is necessary to parse the role of BRD9 as a transcriptional regulator from that of a scaffolding protein. To understand the specific role of BRD9 bromodomain function in regulating AML, we selected a panel of five AML cell lines with distinct driver mutations, disease classifications, and genomic aberrations and subjected them to short-term BRD9 bromodomain inhibition. We characterized the bromodomain-dependent growth of these cell lines, identifying a dependency in AML cell lines but not HEK293T cells. To define a mechanism through which BRD9 maintains AML cell survival, we examined nascent transcription, chromatin accessibility, and ncBAF complex binding genome-wide after bromodomain inhibition. We identified extensive regulation of transcription by BRD9 bromodomain activity, including repression of myeloid maturation factors and tumor suppressor genes, while standard AML chemotherapy targets (Bcl2, Btk, Kit) were repressed by inhibition of the BRD9 bromodomain. BRD9 bromodomain activity maintained accessible chromatin at both gene promoters and gene-distal putative enhancer regions, in a manner that qualitatively correlated with enrichment of BRD9 binding. Furthermore, we identified reduced chromatin accessibility at GATA, ETS, and AP-1 motifs and increased chromatin accessibility at SNAIL-, HIC-, and TP53-recognized motifs after BRD9 inhibition. We interpret these data as signifying a role for BRD9 in regulating the differentiation block that is common to all AML subtypes through modulation of accessibility at hematopoietic transcription factor binding sites.
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Project description:The non-canonical BAF complex (ncBAF) subunit BRD9 is essential for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell viability but has an unclear role in leukemogenesis. Because BRD9 is required for ncBAF complex assembly through its DUF3512 domain, precise bromodomain inhibition is necessary to parse the role of BRD9 as a transcriptional regulator from that of a scaffolding protein. To understand the specific role of BRD9 bromodomain function in regulating AML, we selected a panel of five AML cell lines with distinct driver mutations, disease classifications, and genomic aberrations and subjected them to short-term BRD9 bromodomain inhibition. We characterized the bromodomain-dependent growth of these cell lines, identifying a dependency in AML cell lines but not HEK293T cells. To define a mechanism through which BRD9 maintains AML cell survival, we examined nascent transcription, chromatin accessibility, and ncBAF complex binding genome-wide after bromodomain inhibition. We identified extensive regulation of transcription by BRD9 bromodomain activity, including repression of myeloid maturation factors and tumor suppressor genes, while standard AML chemotherapy targets (Bcl2, Btk, Kit) were repressed by inhibition of the BRD9 bromodomain. BRD9 bromodomain activity maintained accessible chromatin at both gene promoters and gene-distal putative enhancer regions, in a manner that qualitatively correlated with enrichment of BRD9 binding. Furthermore, we identified reduced chromatin accessibility at GATA, ETS, and AP-1 motifs and increased chromatin accessibility at SNAIL-, HIC-, and TP53-recognized motifs after BRD9 inhibition. We interpret these data as signifying a role for BRD9 in regulating the differentiation block that is common to all AML subtypes through modulation of accessibility at hematopoietic transcription factor binding sites.
2023-10-20 | GSE241425 | GEO
Project description:Differential requirements for the BAF and ncBAF subfamilies of the mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes during skeletal muscle differentiation.
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Project description:Chromatin remodeling caused by SWI/SNF (BAF) complexes is essential for regulating cell fates. Of these, BRD9, an essential component of the non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) complex, is post-transcriptionally decayed in multiple types of cancer, especially in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, how BRD9 loss or ncBAF disruption alters the HSCs' integrity remains unknown. Here, we identify that Brd9 loss enhances chromatin accessibility, promoting myeloid-lineage skewing at the expense of B cell development in vivo, followed by MDS development. Brd9 significantly colocalizes with Ctcf, whose peaks are stoichiometrically enhanced by Brd9 loss, leading to increased chromatin loops with the larger chromatin domains intact. These Ctcf-associated chromatin loops newly occur in myeloid-related genes. These data uncover the unrecognized roles of BRD9/ncBAF in the cell fate specification of HSCs via fine-tuning chromatin loops and shed light on the mechanism of ncBAF-disrupted cancer.
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Project description:Chromatin remodeling caused by SWI/SNF (BAF) complexes is essential for regulating cell fates. Of these, BRD9, an essential component of the non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) complex, is post-transcriptionally decayed in multiple types of cancer, especially in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, how BRD9 loss or ncBAF disruption alters the HSCs' integrity remains unknown. Here, we identify that Brd9 loss enhances chromatin accessibility, promoting myeloid-lineage skewing at the expense of B cell development in vivo, followed by MDS development. Brd9 significantly colocalizes with Ctcf, whose peaks are stoichiometrically enhanced by Brd9 loss, leading to increased chromatin loops with the larger chromatin domains intact. These Ctcf-associated chromatin loops newly occur in myeloid-related genes. These data uncover the unrecognized roles of BRD9/ncBAF in the cell fate specification of HSCs via fine-tuning chromatin loops and shed light on the mechanism of ncBAF-disrupted cancer.
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Project description:Chromatin remodeling caused by SWI/SNF (BAF) complexes is essential for regulating cell fates. Of these, BRD9, an essential component of the non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) complex, is post-transcriptionally decayed in multiple types of cancer, especially in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, how BRD9 loss or ncBAF disruption alters the HSCs' integrity remains unknown. Here, we identify that Brd9 loss enhances chromatin accessibility, promoting myeloid-lineage skewing at the expense of B cell development in vivo, followed by MDS development. Brd9 significantly colocalizes with Ctcf, whose peaks are stoichiometrically enhanced by Brd9 loss, leading to increased chromatin loops with the larger chromatin domains intact. These Ctcf-associated chromatin loops newly occur in myeloid-related genes. These data uncover the unrecognized roles of BRD9/ncBAF in the cell fate specification of HSCs via fine-tuning chromatin loops and shed light on the mechanism of ncBAF-disrupted cancer.
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