Single cell RNA-sequence reveals the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on immune cells in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE197677 | GEO | 2023/03/31
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Properly applying current immunotherapies or developing novel therapeutic strategies relies on a comprehensive understanding of the immune elements of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we aim to map at single-cell resolution the immune landscape of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a common, aggressive, but understudied cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. We obtained a detailed immune cell atlas of the ESCC-associated transcriptome from a total of 80,787 tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Significant intertumoral heterogeneity was found among individual ESSC tumors. Exhausted T cells, exhausted NK cells, regulatory T cells, alternatively activated macrophages, and tolerogenic dendritic cells were discovered as the dominant portions of the immune cells in the TME. Dysfunctional T cells were the major proliferative cell compartment among tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In addition, strong potential interactions of immune cells in tumors may contribute to the immunosuppressive status and the progress of tumor development; a six-gene signature, comprising IFNGR1, IFNGR2, IDO1, IL10, CD163, and CD274, were associated with ESCC survival. Our results provided a comprehensive characterization of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in ESCC, indicating that immunosuppression of various kinds was synchronously responsible for the failure of immunosurveillance in ESCC. Specifically targeting the immunosuppressive pathways could reverse the immune-suppressive status and reactivate anti-tumor immune responses in ESCC.
2020-10-19 | GSE145370 | GEO
Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates immune cells in homeostasis and in response to infection and inflammation. The function of the m6A reader YTHDF2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in these contexts has not been explored. We discovered that the loss of YTHDF2 in regulatory T (Treg) cells reduces tumor growth in mice. Deletion of Ythdf2 in Tregs does not affect peripheral immune homeostasis but leads to increased apoptosis and impaired suppressive function of Treg cells in the TME. Elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling in the TME promotes YTHDF2 expression, which in turn regulates NF-κB signaling by accelerating the degradation of m6 A-modified transcripts that encode NF-κB-negative regulators. This TME-specific regulation of Treg by YTHDF2 points to YTHDF2 as a potential target for anti-cancer immunotherapy, where intratumoral Treg cells can be targeted to enhance anti-tumor immune response while avoiding Treg cells in the periphery to minimize undesired inflammations.
2023-06-06 | GSE216960 | GEO
Project description:Immunotherapy of immunologically cold solid tumors may require multiple agents to (a) engage immune effector cells, (b) expand effector populations and activities, and (c) enable immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME). To target these distinct phenomena, we strategically chose five clinical-stage immuno-oncology agents, namely, (a) a tumor antigen-targeting adenovirus-based vaccine (Ad-CEA) and an IL-15 superagonist (N-803) to activate tumor specific T cells, (b) OX40 and GITR agonists to expand and enhance the activated effector populations, and (c) an IDO inhibitor (IDOi) to enable effector cell activity in the TME. Flow cytometry, TCR sequencing, and RNAseq analyses showed that in the CEA-transgenic murine colon carcinoma (MC38-CEA) tumor model, Ad-CEA + N-803 combination therapy resulted in immune-mediated anti-tumor effects and promoted the expression of costimulatory molecules on immune subsets, OX40 and GITR, and the inhibitory molecule IDO. Treatment with Ad-CEA + N-803 + OX40 + GITR + IDOi, termed the pentatherapy regimen, resulted in the greatest inhibition of tumor growth and protection from tumor rechallenge without toxicity. Monotherapy with any of the agents had little to no anti-tumor activity, while combining two, three, or four agents had minimal anti-tumor effects. Immune analyses demonstrated that the pentatherapy combination induced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activity in the periphery and tumor and anti-tumor activity associated with decreased Treg immunosuppression in the TME. The pentatherapy combination also inhibited tumor growth and metastatic formation in 4T1 and LL2-CEA murine tumor models. Significance: This study provides the rationale for the combination of multi-modal immunotherapy agents to engage, enhance, and enable adaptive anti-tumor immunity.
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Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates immune cells in homeostasis and in response to infection and inflammation. The function of YTHDF2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in these contexts has not been explored. We discovered that loss of Ythdf2 in regulatory T (Treg) cells can reduce tumor growth in mice while maintaining peripheral homeostasis. In the tumor microenvironment, Ythdf2-deficient Treg cells have impaired function and poor survival. The elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling in the TME grants the location-specific function of YTHDF2, which participates in the feedback regulation of NF-kB signaling by accelerating the degradation of m6A-modified, NF-kB negative regulators, Nlrc3, Nfkbie, and Traf3. TME-specific regulation of Treg by YTHDF2 points to YTHDF2 as a target for anti-cancer immunotherapy, where intratumoral Treg cells can be targeted to enhance antitumor immune response, while avoiding Treg cells in the periphery to minimize undesired inflammations.
2023-06-07 | GSE230418 | GEO
Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates immune cells in homeostasis and in response to infection and inflammation. The function of YTHDF2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in these contexts has not been explored. We discovered that loss of Ythdf2 in regulatory T (Treg) cells can reduce tumor growth in mice while maintaining peripheral homeostasis. In the tumor microenvironment, Ythdf2-deficient Treg cells have impaired function and poor survival. The elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling in the TME grants the location-specific function of YTHDF2, which participates in the feedback regulation of NF-kB signaling by accelerating the degradation of m6A-modified, NF-kB negative regulators, Nlrc3, Nfkbie, and Traf3. TME-specific regulation of Treg by YTHDF2 points to YTHDF2 as a target for anti-cancer immunotherapy, where intratumoral Treg cells can be targeted to enhance antitumor immune response, while avoiding Treg cells in the periphery to minimize undesired inflammations.
2023-06-07 | GSE216959 | GEO
Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates immune cells in homeostasis and in response to infection and inflammation. The function of YTHDF2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in these contexts has not been explored. We discovered that loss of Ythdf2 in regulatory T (Treg) cells can reduce tumor growth in mice while maintaining peripheral homeostasis. In the tumor microenvironment, Ythdf2-deficient Treg cells have impaired function and poor survival. The elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling in the TME grants the location-specific function of YTHDF2, which participates in the feedback regulation of NF-kB signaling by accelerating the degradation of m6A-modified, NF-kB negative regulators, Nlrc3, Nfkbie, and Traf3. TME-specific regulation of Treg by YTHDF2 points to YTHDF2 as a target for anti-cancer immunotherapy, where intratumoral Treg cells can be targeted to enhance antitumor immune response, while avoiding Treg cells in the periphery to minimize undesired inflammations.
2023-06-07 | GSE216958 | GEO
Project description:The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment remains limited, warranting further investigation into the underlying mechanisms. Accumulating evidence indicates that myeloid cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a role in immune evasion and treatment resistance. In this study, we aimed to explore the contribution of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the HCC TME. Our findings unveil the critical involvement of CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1)-positive TAMs in inducing T cell exhaustion through interleukin-27 (IL-27) secretion, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the suboptimal efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in HCC. Additionally, we identified prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) released by immune-attacked tumor cells as a key driver of CX3CR1+ TAM recruitment. To enhance the therapeutic response to current anti-PD-1 therapy, we propose a novel treatment strategy that combines targeted depletion of CX3CR1+ TAMs with anti-PD-1 therapy. Overall, our study contributes to the understanding of TAMs' role in cancer immunotherapy and presents potential clinical implications for HCC treatment. By targeting CX3CR1+ TAMs in conjunction with anti-PD-1 therapy, we have the potential to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic interventions in HCC patients.
2024-07-25 | GSE263240 | GEO
Project description:Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC), one of the most prevalent and lethal malignant disease, has a complex but unknown tumor ecosystem. Here, we decipher for the first time the full compositions of ESCC tumor based on analyzing 208,659 single-cell transcriptomes in ESCC derived from 60 individuals. We identify 8 essential expression programs from malignant epithelial cells and discovered 43 cell types including 26 immune cell and 17 nonimmune stromal cell subtypes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and also explicate the interactions between cancer cells and other cells and the interactions among different cell types in the TME. Moreover, we have linked the cancer cell transcriptomes to the somatic mutations and identified several markers significantly associated with survival time in patients, which may be relevant to precision cares of ESCC patients. These results renew our understanding of ESCC and provide a valuable example and resource for investigating other types of solid tumor.
2020-10-29 | GSE160269 | GEO
Project description:<p>Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are a subset of dendritic cells with unique immunophenotypic properties and functions. While their role in antiviral immunity through production of type I interferons is well-established, their contributions to anti-tumor immunity are less clear. While some evidence demonstrates that pDC in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may drive CD4+ T cell to become <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/50943">Foxp3</a>+ T regulatory cells, little is understood about the relationship of pDC with cytotoxic CD8+ T cell, the key player in antitumor immune responses.</p> <p>In this study, we perform comprehensive immunophenotyping and functional analysis of pDC from the TME and draining lymph nodes of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and identify a novel pDC subset characterized by expression of the TNF receptor superfamily member <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=7293">CD134 (OX40)</a>. We show that OX40 expression is expressed on intratumoral pDC in both humans and mice in a tumor-model specific fashion and that this subset of pDC enhances tumor associated-antigen (TAA)-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Through transcriptomic profiling of OX40-expressing pDC from the TME, we further characterize gene signatures unique to this pDC subset that support its role as an important immunostimulatory immune population in the TME.</p>
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Project description:Tumors arise and grow despite anti-cancer immune responses. These responses can be stimulated by immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g. anti-PD1 antibodies) and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR). Efficacy of these agents in solid tumors including colorectal cancers (CRC) is limited by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that prevents killing of malignant cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Understanding the nature of TME-generated immunosuppression is of paramount importance. Here we report that TME elicited immunosuppression via eliminating activated CTL; this elimination required TME stress-induced downregulation of the IFNAR1 chain of type I interferon (IFN) receptor and attenuation of its signaling. Downregulation of IFNAR1 was observed in human colorectal cancers (CRC) and in mouse CRC models where it was required for efficient tumor development and progression. Stabilization of IFNAR1 on CTL improved their survival and increased anti- tumor activities of CAR T cells and PD1 inhibitors thereby providing a rationale for targeting IFNAR1 degradation for immunotherapies optimization. Two genotypes of mice were examined either 9 or 21 days post injection of MC38 colon cancer cells or MC38mRFP cells, respectively. 2-3 replicate mice were analyzed on separate arrays for each condition. 6 conditions in total were analyzed.
2016-01-15 | E-GEOD-76889 | biostudies-arrayexpress