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Induction of defense responses and protection of almond plants against Xylella fastidiosa by endotherapy with a bifunctional peptide

ABSTRACT: Xylella fastidiosa is a plant pathogenic bacterium that has been introduced in the European Union (EU), causing significant yield losses in economically important Mediterranean crops. Almond leaf scorch (ALS) is currently one of the most relevant diseases observed in Spain, and no cure has been found to be effective for this disease. In previous reports, the peptide BP178 has shown a strong bactericidal activity in vitro against X. fastidiosa and to other plant pathogens, and to trigger defense responses in tomato plants. In the present work, BP178 was applied by endotherapy to almond plants cv. Avijor using preventive and curative strategies. The capacity of BP178 to reduce the population levels of X. fastidiosa and to decrease disease symptoms, and its persistence over time were demonstrated under greenhouse conditions. The most effective treatment consisted of a combination of preventive and curative applications and the peptide was detected in the stem up to 60 days post-treatment. Priming plants with BP178 induced defense responses mainly through the salicylic acid pathway, but also overexpressed some genes of the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways. It is concluded that the bifunctional peptide is a promising candidate to be further developed to manage ALS caused by X. fastidiosa.

ORGANISM(S): Prunus dulcis

PROVIDER: GSE198089 | GEO | 2022/04/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Gametophytic self-incompatibility is the primary cause of low fruit set in almond. The mechanism of recognition that determines whether the gametophyte is successfully fertilized between pollen tube SCF (F-box-SSK1-Cul1-Rbx1) protein and pistil S-RNase protein during fertilization is unclear. In this study, the pistils of two almond cultivars 'Wanfeng' and 'Nonpareil' were used as the experimental materials after selfing- and nonselfing/cross-pollination, and pistils from the stamen-removed flowers were used as controls. We used fluorescence microscopy to observe the development of pollen tubes after pollination and 4-dimensional label-free quantitation (4D-LFQ) to detect the protein expression profiles of 'Wanfeng' and 'Nonpareil' pistils and in controls. The results showed that it took 24-36 h for the development of the pollen tube to 1/3 of the pistil, and a total of 7684 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in the pistil after pollinating 36 h, of which 7022 were quantifiable. The up- and down-regulation of the 12 differential protein expressions identified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was the same as that identified by 4D-LFQ, with an average fold-change difference of 14.34%, a maximum of 31.37% and a minimum of 3.68%. Bioinformatics analysis based on the function of the differential proteins, including classification, enrichment, and clustering, identified RNA polymerases (4 DAPs), autophagy (3 DAPs), oxidative phosphorylation (3 DAPs), and homologous recombination (2 DAPs) pathways associated with the self-incompatibility process. The interaction between the serine/threonine kinase (MARK2) protein E3 ubiquitin ligase and the microtubule protein component microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT/ACT) was found using the STRING database, which demonstrated the involvement of the MARK2 protein in the reaction of pollen tube recognition the nonself- and the self-S-RNase protein. It provides a new way to reveal the mechanism by which almond pollen tubes recognize the self and nonself S-RNase enzyme protein.

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Induction of defense responses and protection of almond plants against Xylella fastidiosa by endotherapy with a bifunctional peptide

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