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Maternal H3K36 and H3K27 HMTs protect germline development via regulation of the transcription factor LIN-15B

ABSTRACT: Maternally synthesized products play critical roles in development of offspring. A premier example is the C. elegans H3K36 methyltransferase MES-4, which is essential for germline survival and development in offspring. How maternal MES-4 protects the germline is not well understood, but its role in H3K36 methylation hinted that it may regulate gene expression in Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs). We tested this hypothesis by profiling transcripts from nascent germlines (PGCs and their descendants) dissected from wild-type and mes-4 mutant (lacking maternal and zygotic MES-4) larvae. mes-4 nascent germlines displayed down-regulation of some germline genes, up-regulation of some somatic genes, and dramatic up-regulation of hundreds of genes on the X chromosome. We demonstrated that up-regulation of 1 or more genes on the X is the cause of germline death by generating and analyzing mes-4 mutants that inherited different endowments of X chromosome(s). Intriguingly, removal of the THAP transcription factor LIN-15B from mes-4 mutants reduced X mis-expression and prevented germline death. lin-15B is X-linked and mis-expressed in mes-4 PGCs, identifying it as a critical target for MES-4 repression. The above findings extend to the H3K27 methyltransferase MES-2/3/6, the C. elegans version of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. We propose that maternal MES-4 and PRC2 cooperate to protect germline survival by preventing synthesis of germline-toxic products encoded by genes on the X chromosome, including the key transcription factor LIN-15B.

ORGANISM(S): Caenorhabditis elegans

PROVIDER: GSE198552 | GEO | 2022/03/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:DRM is a conserved transcription factor complex that includes E2F/DP and pRB family proteins and plays important roles in development and cancer. Here we perform microarray expression profiling analysis of lin-54, a DNA-binding member of the DRM complex. To identify genes regulated by LIN-54 in soma and germline, we analyzed wild-type and lin-54 mutant C. elegans embryos and isolated germlines. We chose embryos because they consist primarily of somatic cells, at a developmental stage with both active cell divisions and dynamic developmental gene expression programs. Since lin-54 null animals are sterile, embryos were obtained from a strain carrying the partial loss-of-function allele lin-54(n2990). Germlines were dissected from lin-54(n3423) null adults that lack detectable transcript and protein. The results revealed conserved roles for DRM in regulating genes involved in cell division, development, and reproduction. We find LIN-54 promotes expression of reproduction genes in the germline, but prevents ectopic activation of germline-specific genes in embryonic soma. Strikingly, genomics and cytological analyses show that DRM binding, a DRM binding motif, and LIN-54-regulated genes are all autosome-enriched. One paradoxical exception occurs the germline, where DRM binds autosomes but genes down-regulated in DRM mutants are enriched on X chromosomes. We compared embryonic or germline gene expression profile of lin-54 mutants with that of wild-type N2 C. elegans. Embryos were obtained from a strain carrying the partial loss-of-function allele lin-54(n2990) grown at 25C for one generation. Germlines were isolated from lin-54(n3423) null adults that lack detectable lin-54 transcript and protein. We isolated the germline region from the tip until late pachytene stage of meiosis, because nuclei in this region are morphologically similar between wild-type and mutant and are all undergoing X chromosome silencing. 3 biological replicates of each genotype/tissue were examined.

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Maternal H3K36 and H3K27 HMTs protect germline development via regulation of the transcription factor LIN-15B

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