Carnosine Regulation of Intracellular pH Homeostasis Promotes Lysosome-dependent Tumor Immunoevasion
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE198881 | GEO | 2023/11/16
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Carnosine Regulation of Intracellular pH Homeostasis Promotes Lysosome-dependent Tumor Immunoevasion
| PRJNA817229 | ENA
Project description:RNA-seq was performed on cultured human induced pluripotent cell derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). There are four groups, with three samples per group: H1,H2,H3. Negative control. Healthy, normoxic iPSC-CMs D1,D2,D3. Positive control. iPSCs cultured under hypoxic (0-1% O2) for 48h with 2% v/v PBS as vehicle control EV1,EV2,EV3. Treatment 1. iPSCs cultured under hypoxic (0-1% O2) for 48h, with cardiac stromal cell derived extracellular vesicles, provided at a dose of 67ng/µl (2% v/v) EV21, EV23, EV24. Treatment 2 iPSCs cultured under hypoxic (0-1% O2) for 48h, with bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) derived extracellular vesicles, provided at a dose of 67ng/µl (2% v/v) All EVs were isolated from cultured human cells using sequential centrifugation methods. Cells were cultured using commercial EV-depleted FBS to avoid contamination of bovine EVs. EVs were validated for CD81, CD9, ALIX positivity, and visualised by cryoEM. Particle to protein ratios were not different between cardiac and bone marrow EV isolates. Therefore EV doses were standardised so that the same dose by protein (67ng/µl) and EV number (~2,000 EVs per iPSC-CM) were added.
2024-10-02 | E-MTAB-13966 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Neuronal metabolic and electrical activity is associated with shifts in intracellular pH (pH(i)) proton activity and state-dependent changes in activation of signaling pathways in the plasma membrane, cytosol, and intracellular compartments. We investigated interactions between two intracellular messenger ions, protons and calcium (Ca²(+)), in salamander photoreceptor inner segments loaded with Ca²(+) and pH indicator dyes. Resting cytosolic pH in rods and cones in HEPES-based saline was acidified by ?0.4 pH units with respect to pH of the superfusing saline (pH = 7.6), indicating that dissociated inner segments experience continuous acid loading. Cytosolic alkalinization with ammonium chloride (NH?Cl) depolarized photoreceptors and stimulated Ca²(+) release from internal stores, yet paradoxically also evoked dose-dependent, reversible decreases in [Ca²(+)](i). Alkalinization-evoked [Ca²(+)](i) decreases were independent of voltage-operated and store-operated Ca²(+) entry, plasma membrane Ca²(+) extrusion, and Ca²(+) sequestration into internal stores. The [Ca²(+)](i)-suppressive effects of alkalinization were antagonized by the fast Ca²(+) buffer BAPTA, suggesting that pH(i) directly regulates Ca²(+) binding to internal anionic sites. In summary, this data suggest that endogenously produced protons continually modulate the membrane potential, release from Ca²(+) stores, and intracellular Ca²(+) buffering in rod and cone inner segments.
| S-EPMC3023182 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Both environmental cues and intracellular bioenergetic states profoundly affect intracellular pH (pHi). How a cell responds to pHi changes to maintain bioenergetic homeostasis remains elusive. Here we show that Smad5, a well-characterized downstream component of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling responds to pHi changes. Cold, basic or hypertonic conditions increase pHi, which in turn dissociates protons from the charged amino acid clusters within the MH1 domain of Smad5, prompting its relocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. On the other hand, heat, acidic or hypotonic conditions decrease pHi, blocking the nuclear export of Smad5, and thus causing its nuclear accumulation. Active nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Smad5 induced by environmental changes and pHi fluctuation is independent of BMP signaling, carboxyl terminus phosphorylation and Smad4. In addition, ablation of Smad5 causes chronic and irreversible dysregulation of cellular bioenergetic homeostasis and disrupted normal neural developmental processes as identified in a differentiation model of human pluripotent stem cells. Importantly, these metabolic and developmental deficits in Smad5-deficient cells could be rescued only by cytoplasmic Smad5. Cytoplasmic Smad5 physically interacts with hexokinase 1 and accelerates glycolysis. Together, our findings indicate that Smad5 acts as a pHi messenger and maintains the bioenergetic homeostasis of cells by regulating cytoplasmic metabolic machinery.
| S-EPMC5587853 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: small RNAseq analyses were conducted to identify the key miRNAs which involves in the regulation of tumor development in the Wharton's Jelly Mesehchymal Stem Cell-derived EV (WJ-EV) treated breast cancer cell (BCC) Methods: MDAMB231, a triple negative breast cancer cell line, were treated with WJ-EV at 0 and 24 hours, then the cell samples were harvested at 48 hours. The cells were cultured under a hypoxic condition (1%O2). Results: 1169 miRNAs were identified in original BCC and WJ-EV treated BCC (pBCC), respectively.
2022-08-24 | GSE197863 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: small RNAseq analyses were conducted to identify the key miRNAs which involves in the suppression of inflammatory respons via NF-kB pathway in the Wharton's Jelly Mesehchymal Stem Cell-derived EV (WJ-EV). Methode: WJ-MSC were cultured using EV-Depleted medium for 24 hr. for hWJ-EV, after reach 80% confluences the cells were cultured under a hypoxic condition (1%O2) for 48 hr. The conditioned medium from WJ-MSC and hWJ-MSC then were collected and centrifuged to get the EVs. Result: miR-21, miR-143, and miR-146a were involved in the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammatory cytokines.
2024-12-01 | GSE273241 | GEO
Project description:GSM1056261-GSM1056272: NFX1-123 has been shown to associate with a number of RNA processing proteins, such as cytoplasmic poly(A) binding proteins (PABPC), to affect mRNA stability and translational efficiency of target genes. The high-risk human papillomavirus type 16E6 (HPV 16E6) induces telomerase activity by activation of hTERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase. NFX1-123 can bind to hTERT mRNA and increase its stability in HPV 16E6 expressing keratinocytes (16E6 NHKs). Little is known regarding what other transcripts, and downstream signaling pathways, may be dependent on NFX1-123. In order to determine additional cellular transcripts affected by HPV 16E6 and NFX1-123, we assessed global gene expression changes in cells in which NFX1-123 was overexpressed or knocked down by short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) when compared to an isogenic scramble control, in three independently derived 16E6 NHKs GSM1212499-GSM1212510: NFX1-123 has been shown to associate with a number of RNA processing proteins, such as cytoplasmic poly(A) binding proteins (PABPC), to affect mRNA stability and translational efficiency of target genes. The high-risk human papillomavirus type 16E6 (HPV 16E6) induces telomerase activity by activation of hTERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase. NFX1-123 can bind to hTERT mRNA and increase its stability in HPV 16E6 expressing keratinocytes (16E6 NHKs). Little is known regarding what other transcripts, and downstream signaling pathways, may be dependent on NFX1-123. In order to determine additional cellular transcripts affected solely by NFX1-123, we assessed global gene expression changes in cells in which NFX1-123 was overexpressed or knocked down by short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) when compared to an isogenic scramble control, in three independently derived NHKs. GSM1056261-GSM1056272: Three independent 16E6 expressing NHK cell lines were expanded and transduced with: short hairpin RNA (sh1) that knocked down NFX1-123 by 20%, short hairpin RNA (sh3) that knocked down NFX1-123 by 80%; a non-targeting isogenic shRNA scramble control; or a NFX1-123 overexpression construct with a FLAG-tag (FNFX1-123WT) that increased its RNA expression on average 3.5-fold. In total, twelve samples were used for the microarray, derived from the three initial NHK cell lines. GSM1212499-GSM1212510: Three independent NHK cell lines were expanded and transduced with: short hairpin RNA (sh1) that knocked down NFX1-123 by 40%, short hairpin RNA (sh3) that knocked down NFX1-123 by 83%; a non-targeting isogenic shRNA scramble control; or a NFX1-123 overexpression construct with a FLAG-tag (FNFX1-123WT) that increased its RNA expression on average 14.0-fold. In total, twelve samples were used for the microarray, derived from the three initial NHK cell lines.
2013-10-15 | E-GEOD-43082 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:NFX1-91, a novel E6 cellular downstream target, functions as a transcriptional regulator and is involved in repressing hTERT expression. Other functions and downstream targets regulated by NFX1-91 were not well understood. We used microarrays to determine gene expression deregulated when NFX1-91 was knocked down. HCT116 cells was infected with lentivirus carrying NFX1-91 shRNA or control β-Galactosidase shRNA to stably knock down target gene expression. Total RNAs were extracted and hybridized on Affymetrix microarrays.
2010-08-18 | E-GEOD-23674 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Differences in global levels of histone acetylation occur in normal and cancer cells, although the reason cells regulate these levels has remained unclear. Here we demonstrate a role for histone acetylation in regulating intracellular pH (pHi). As pHi decreases, histones are globally deacetylated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) and the released acetate anions are co-exported with protons out of the cell by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), preventing further reductions in pHi. Conversely, global histone acetylation increases at more alkaline pHi, such as when resting cells are induced to proliferate. Inhibition of HDACs or MCTs decreases acetate export and lowers pHi, particularly compromising pHi maintenance in acidic environments. Global deacetylation at low pH is reflected at a genomic level by decreased abundance and extensive redistribution of acetylation at promoters and intergenic regions. Thus acetylation of chromatin functions as a rheostat to regulate pHi with important implications for therapeutic use of HDAC inhibitors. To investigate the redistribution of H4K16ac throughout the genome upon treatment at pH 6.5
2012-11-04 | E-GEOD-40114 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:NFX1-91, a novel E6 cellular downstream target, functions as a transcriptional regulator and is involved in repressing hTERT expression. Other functions and downstream targets regulated by NFX1-91 were not well understood. We used microarrays to determine gene expression deregulated when NFX1-91 was knocked down.
2010-08-18 | GSE23674 | GEO