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The nuclear granule Paraspeckles interacts with the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex to regulate alternative splicing

ABSTRACT: There are three major goals of the study 1) Understand if the differential effect of depletion of ARID1 paralogs on the trancriptome of HEK293FRT cells 2) Understand if NEAT1 depletion effects any alternative splicing pathways in HEK293FRT cells 3) Is the regulation of alternative splicing pathways by NEAT1 ARID1B dependent?

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE199631 | GEO | 2022/11/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The Long Non-coding RNA NEAT1 is regulated by QKI and forms nuclear paraspeckles in glioma

Project description:The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (NEAT1) is a lncRNA involved in a variety of human cancers and diseases. The human NEAT1 gene produces two distinct isoforms, NEAT1 Long and NEAT1 Short, through alternative 3’ end formation. NEAT1 Long is an essential factor for nuclear paraspeckle formation, while the role of NEAT1 Short is poorly understood. Previous studies have often failed to distinctly detect the two NEAT1 isoforms and reported controversial NEAT1 dysregulation. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms which underlie the dysregulation of NEAT1 isoforms and their functional importance in tumorigenesis remain poorly characterized. We investigated whether usage of the proximal polyadenylation site (PAS) within the NEAT1 transcript is regulated to govern the biogenesis of NEAT1 isoforms in human glioma cells. We found differential dysregulation of NEAT1 isoforms in patient-derived human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) stem cells. We further show deletion of the NEAT1 PAS reduced NEAT1 Short and increased NEAT1 Long. We identified the RNA binding protein QKI, a risk factor for glioma, facilitates the utilization of the NEAT1 PAS. We present evidence indicating the imbalance of NEAT1 isoforms correlates with transcriptomic pathway changes. We propose QKI-5 regulates NEAT1 isoform biogenesis through modulating the NEAT1 PAS in human glioma cells.

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The nuclear granule Paraspeckles interacts with the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex to regulate alternative splicing

Project description:The nuclear granule Paraspeckles interacts with the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex to regulate alternative splicing

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AATF/Che-1 localizes to paraspeckles and suppresses R-loops accumulation and interferon activation in Multiple Myeloma

Project description:We investigated the interactions of AATF/Che1 with paraspeckles complex in Multiple Myeloma(MM) cells by looking at its relationship with lncRNA NEAT1_1(NEAT1) and the essential paraspeckles proteins. By analyzing ChIP- and ChIRP-sequencing of MM cells, we assessed that the interaction between AATF/Che1 and NEAT1 occurs also onto DNA and detected the sites where they co-localize. To better characterize the interaction, we studied the effects of interfering AATF/Che1 or NEAT1 on co-localizing sites through ChIP-seq with NEAT1 interfered (GapmerNEAT1) and ChIRP-seq with AATF/Che1 interfered (siChe). We found that NEAT1 is essential in maintaining the paraspeckles complex onto those sites. Moreover, by exploring DRIP-seq data with siChe, we also detected that AATF/Che1 and NEAT1 localize on R-loops, RNA:DNA hybrid structure involved in DNA transcription and repair. A depletion of AATF/Che1 causes a further increase of those hybrid structures and the activation of the immune response in MM, in particular the interferon (IFN) activation. To further explore these findings, we performed RNA-seq with siChe and GapmerNEAT1 which confirm that AATF/Che-1 down-regulation induces a strong up-regulation of genes involved in IFN response.

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Modeling of the U1 snRNP assembly pathway in alternative splicing in human cells using Petri nets

Project description:The investigation of spliceosomal processes is currently a topic of intense research in molecular biology. In the molecular mechanism of alternative splicing, a multi-protein–RNA complex – the spliceosome – plays a crucial role. To understand the biological processes of alternative splicing, it is essential to comprehend the biogenesis of the spliceosome. In this paper, we propose the first abstract model of the regulatory assembly pathway of the human spliceosomal subunit U1. Using Petri nets, we describe its highly ordered assembly that takes place in a stepwise manner.

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Integrator restraints paraspeckles assembly by promoting the 3’-end processing of the polyadenylated lncRNA NEAT1_1

Project description:Alternative 3’-end RNA processing provides an important source of transcriptome diversification, which impacts various biological processes and the etiology of diseases, including cancer. Here, we focused on a transcript isoform switch that leads to the readthrough expression of the long noncoding RNA NEAT1_2, at the expense of the shorter polyadenylated transcript NEAT1_1. Expression of NEAT1_2 is required for the formation of paraspeckles (PS), nuclear bodies that protect cancer cells from oncogene-induced replication stress and chemotherapy. Searching for proteins that interact with endogenous NEAT1 by RNA Affinity Purification coupled to mass spectrometry (RAP-MS), we identified factors involved in the 3’-end processing of polyadenylated (pA+) RNA as well as several components of the Integrator complex, known to process the 3’-ends of RNAs lacking polyadenylation sites. Unexpectedly, genetic perturbation experiments established that Integrator restraints NEAT1_2 expression, and thereby PS assembly, by promoting the 3’-end processing of pA+ NEAT1_1. Consistently, low expression levels of several Integrator subunits correlated with poorer prognosis of cancer patients exposed to chemotherapeutics. Our study identifies Integrator as a key regulator of PS biogenesis and highlights a previously unrecognized ability of the complex to process pA+ RNA. The data also establish a link between Integrator, cancer biology and chemosensitivity, which may be exploited therapeutically.

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NEAT1 promotes genome stability via m6A methylation-dependent regulation of CHD4

Project description:Long non-coding (lnc)RNA emerge as regulators of genome stability. The nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) is overexpressed in many tumours and responsive to genotoxic stress. However, the mechanism that links NEAT1 to DNA damage response (DDR) is unclear. Here, we investigate the expression, modification levels, localization and structure of NEAT1 in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DNA damage increases the levels and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) marks on NEAT1, which promotes alterations in NEAT1 structure, accumulation of hyper-methylated NEAT1 at promoter-associated DSBs and DSB foci formation. The depletion of NEAT1 delays DSB signalling and elevates DNA damage. The genome-protective role of NEAT1 is mediated by the RNA methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) and involves the release of the chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4 (CHD4) from NEAT1 to fine-tune histone deacetylation, which links NEAT1 to DDR.

2024-09-16 | GSE273351 | GEO

Transcriptome analysis of alternative splicing under ABA exposure in osfkbp20-1b mutant compared to wild-type (ZH11) of rice

Project description:To investigate whether observed changes in pre-mRNA splicing led to OsFKBP20-1b depletion, we analyzed RNA-seq to identify the quantitative profiling and alternative splicing

2023-04-24 | GSE197599 | GEO

An EMT-driven alternative splicing program occurs in human breast cancer and modulates cellular phenotype.

Project description:Regulation of cell-cell junction formation and regulation of cell migration were enriched among EMT (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition)-associated alternatively splicing events. Our analysis suggested that most EMT-associated alternative splicing events are regulated by one or more members of the RBFOX, MBNL, CELF, hnRNP or ESRP classes of splicing factors. The EMT alternative splicing signature was confirmed in human breast cancer cell lines, which could be classified into basal and luminal subtypes based exclusively on their EMTassociated splicing pattern. Expression of EMT-associated alternative mRNA transcripts was also observed in primary breast cancer samples, indicating that EMT-dependent splicing changes occur commonly in human tumors. The functional significance of EMT-associated alternative splicing was tested by expression of the epithelial-specific splicing factor ESRP1 or depletion of RBFOX2 in mesenchymal cells, both of which elicited significant changes in cell morphology and motility towards an epithelial phenotype, suggesting that splicing regulation alone can drive critical aspects of EMT-associated phenotypic changes. The molecular description obtained here may aid in the development of new diagnostic and prognostic markers for analysis of breast cancer progression. Examination of transcriptomes of HMLE/Twist-ER before and after induction of EMT by tamoxifen

2011-07-15 | E-GEOD-30290 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA-seq transcriptonal profiling in whole hippocampus in WT and Arid1b+/- mice

Project description:There is growing evidence for the involvement of ARID1B, a SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling subunit, in a broad range of human disorders. Sequencing studies have recurrently implicated ARID1B haploinsufficiency in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), non-syndromic intellectual disability (ID), corpus callosum agenesis, and short stature. In addition, ARID1B is by far the most common cause of Coffin-Siris Syndrome (CSS), a monogenic developmental delay syndrome characterized by a combination of the neuropsychiatric and physical abnormalities mentioned above. To understand how ARID1B mutations lead to these phenotypes, we generated Arid1b mutant mice, which exhibited physical manifestations of developmental delay and behaviors reminiscent of ASD. In the brain, Arid1b haploinsufficiency resulted in changes in the expression of SWI/SNF- regulated genes implicated in ASD.

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Transriptome analysis of alternative splicing under heat stress condition in atcyp18-2 mutant compared to Wild type (Col-0) of Arabidopsis

Project description:To investigate whether the observed changes in pre-mRNA splicing led to AtCYP18-2 depletion, we conducted RNA-sequencing to analyse the quantitative profiling of alternative splicing

2021-02-16 | GSE166755 | GEO

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