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Pyrimidine de novo synthesis inhibition selectively blocks effector but not memory T-cell development [bulk RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Blocking pyrimidine de novo synthesis via inhibiting Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is clinically used to treat autoimmunity and to prevent the growth of rapidly dividing cells including activated T-cells. We identified a previously unrecognized resistance of precursors of memory T-cells to pyrimidine starvation. While the treatment effectively blocks effector T-cells, numbers, function and transcriptional profiles of memory T-cells and their precursors remain completely unaltered. We pinpoint this effect to a narrow time-window in the early T-cell expansion phase, when developing effector, but not memory T-cells are selectively vulnerable to pyrimidine starvation. This stems from a higher proliferative pace of early effector T-cells paired with lower pyrimidine synthesis capacity compared to memory precursors. This differential sensitivity constitutes a novel, drug-targetable checkpoint that efficiently diminishes effector T-cells without harming the memory compartment. We envision that knowledge of this pyrimidine synthesis-based cell fate-determining particularity opens up new means to safely manipulate effector T-cell responses.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE200358 | GEO | 2023/01/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Using killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 as a marker to distinguish terminal effector cells from memory precursors, we found that despite their diverse cell fates both subsets possessed remarkably similar gene expression profiles and functioned as equally potent killer cells. However, only the memory precursors were capable of making IL-2 thus defining a novel effector cell that was cytotoxic, expressed granzyme B, and produced inflammatory cytokines in addition to IL-2. This effector population then differentiated into long-lived protective memory T cells capable of self-renewal and rapid re-call responses. Mechanistic studies showed that cells that continued to receive antigenic stimulation during the later stages of infection were more likely to become terminal effectors. Importantly, curtailing antigenic stimulation towards the tail-end of the acute infection enhanced the generation of memory cells. These studies support the decreasing potential model of memory differentiation and show that the duration of antigenic stimulation is a critical regulator of memory formation Experiment Overall Design: An important question in memory development is understanding the differences between effector CD8 T cells that die versus effector cells that survive and give rise to memory cells. In this study we provide a comprehensive phenotypic, functional and genomic profiling of terminal effectors and memory precursors, towards better understanding the generation of these subsets. The two effector subsets were FACS purified during the early expansion phase (Days 4-5 post-infection) and extensively analyzed for their phenotypic (eg. CD127, CD62L, CD27, Bcl-2, Granzyme B, etc.) and functional properties (cytokine production, cytotoxicity, homeostatic proliferation, recall proliferation), and gene expression profiles (by genome-wide microarray analyses). Mechanistic studies involving the extent of proliferation and duration of antigen stimulation on memory differentiation potential of effectors were also performed using adoptive transfer techniques.

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Pyrimidine de novo synthesis inhibition selectively blocks effector but not memory T-cell development [bulk RNA-seq]

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