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Gene expression in the liver of ethanol-treated mice via gastric tube in multiple strains

ABSTRACT: This study tested a hypothesis that a population-based approach may identify genetic background-dependent and -independent genes/pathways that modulate alcohol-induced liver injury. A sub-chronic (4 weeks) intra-gastric alcohol infusion (up to 27 g/kg/day) model was used to control for alcohol intake in 15 genetically diverse inbred mouse strains. Urine, serum and liver markers of alcoholic steato-hepatitis were assessed and a wide range of liver damage was observed across the panel. Gene expression profiling was performed on liver tissue collected at the end of the study and statistical models, with strain, degree of liver injury, treatment, and their interaction terms as factors, were used to select transcripts associated with strain-dependent and -independent effects of alcohol on the liver. Translational control of hepatic protein synthesis, related to eukaryotic initiation factors (eiFs) and accessory proteins, was identified as genetic background-independent mode of alcohol-induced liver injury. Interestingly, immune response-related transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) and nuclear factor, interleukin 3 regulated (Nfil3/E4bp4) are likely determinants of genetic background-dependent responses to liver injury and alcohol treatment, respectively. Our data demonstrate that a multistrain approach provides critical mechanistic information for understanding genetic factors influencing alcohol toxicity and facilitate identification of novel targets of therapeutic intervention.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE20052 | GEO | 2011/01/23

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA124319

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:This study tested a hypothesis that a population-based approach may identify genetic background-dependent and -independent genes/pathways that modulate alcohol-induced liver injury. A sub-chronic (4 weeks) intra-gastric alcohol infusion (up to 27 g/kg/day) model was used to control for alcohol intake in 15 genetically diverse inbred mouse strains. Urine, serum and liver markers of alcoholic steato-hepatitis were assessed and a wide range of liver damage was observed across the panel. Gene expression profiling was performed on liver tissue collected at the end of the study and statistical models, with strain, degree of liver injury, treatment, and their interaction terms as factors, were used to select transcripts associated with strain-dependent and -independent effects of alcohol on the liver. Translational control of hepatic protein synthesis, related to eukaryotic initiation factors (eiFs) and accessory proteins, was identified as genetic background-independent mode of alcohol-induced liver injury. Interestingly, immune response-related transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) and nuclear factor, interleukin 3 regulated (Nfil3/E4bp4) are likely determinants of genetic background-dependent responses to liver injury and alcohol treatment, respectively. Our data demonstrate that a multistrain approach provides critical mechanistic information for understanding genetic factors influencing alcohol toxicity and facilitate identification of novel targets of therapeutic intervention. A high-fat diet or EtOH-containing high-fat diet was administered to 15 strains of mice via gastric tube for 28 days. 3 replicates per strain/diet. Inter-batch normalization was carried out using the ComBat procedure. The supplementary file 'GSE20052_Readme.txt' contains a description of the replicates used for normalization. The 'GSE20052_US14702406_25148681*' files linked to the GSE20052 record are the raw data files for the replicates.

Project description:Differential gene expression between mouse distal chromsome 1 congenic and background and reciprocal congenic and background Genetic factors significantly affect vulnerability to alcohol dependence (alcoholism). We previously identified a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 (Adw1) with a large effect on predisposition to alcohol physiological dependence and associated withdrawal following both chronic and acute alcohol exposure in mice. We fine-mapped these loci to a 1.1-1.7 Mb interval syntenic with human 1q23.2-23.3. Adw1 interval genes show remarkable genetic variation among mice derived from the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J strains, the two most widely studied genetic animal models for alcohol-related traits. Here, we report the creation of a novel recombinant Adw1 congenic model (R2) in which the Adw1 interval from a donor C57BL/6J strain is introgressed onto a uniform, inbred DBA/2J genetic background. As expected, R2 mice demonstrate significantly less severe alcohol withdrawal compared to wild-type littermates. Additionally, comparing R2 and background strain animals, as well as reciprocal congenic (R8) and appropriate background strain animals, we assessed Adw1 dependent brain gene expression using microarray and quantitative PCR analyses. To our knowledge this includes the first Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis using reciprocal congenic models. Importantly, this allows detection of co-expression patterns limited to one or common to both genetic backgrounds with high and low predisposition to alcohol withdrawal severity. The gene expression patterns (modules) in common contain genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, building upon human and animal model studies that implicate involvement of oxidative phosphorylation in alcohol use disorders. Finally, we demonstrate that administration of N-acetylcysteine, an FDA-approved antioxidant, significantly reduces symptoms of alcohol withdrawal (convulsions) in mice, thus validating a phenotypic role for this network. Taken together, these studies support the importance of mitochondrial oxidative homeostasis in alcohol withdrawal and identify this network as a valuable therapeutic target in human alcohol use disorders.

Project description:Background and aims: Liver is a major target organ for alcohol-induced disease and the spectrum of pathological states elicited by alcohol in liver comprises steatosis, alcoholic steatohepatitis, progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis, conditions that may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. Many experimental animal models of alcoholic steatohepatitis exist that vary in duration, mode of alcohol administration and the degree and types of liver injury produced. While most of these models, regardless whether alcohol is administered through liquid diet or intragastrically, produce steatohepatitis and mild fibrosis, it is widely acknowledged that these models fail to fully recapitulate key characteristics of severe forms of alcoholic liver disease, such as alcoholic hepatitis. Recent studies attempted to combine alcohol and fibrosis and achieved promising results in mouse models that achieve some of the key features of alcoholic liver disease accompanied by exacerbated fibrosis and acute renal injury. This study combined a chronic cholestatic liver fibrosis model induced by 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) with a mouse model of intragastric alcohol feeding. Methods: Adult male C57BL6/J mice were treated with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocolidine (DDC) containing diet (0.05% w/w) to induce chronic liver fibrosis. Following DDC-induced fibrogenesis, ethyl alcohol (EtOH) (up to 27 g/ kg/day, up to 28 days) was administered continuously to mice via a gastric feeding tube (Tsukamoto-Frenchmodel of alcoholic liver disease). Results: Exposure to DDC or EtOH alone resulted in liver fibrosis or steatosis, respectively. Combined treatment with DDC and EtOH lead to an additive effect on liver injury, as evident by the development of hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and pericellular fibrosis, and by increased serum transaminase levels, compared to mice treated with either agent alone. Liver transcriptomic changes specific to combined treatment group included pathways involved in the cell cycle and DNA damage. Analyses of feces from these mice revealed alcohol-associated changes to the bile acid profile and gut microbiome. Conclusions: Mice treated with DDC and EtOH displayed several key characteristics of human alcoholic hepatitis, including pericellular fibrosis, increased hepatic bacterial load with dysbiosis, reduced capacity of the microbiome to synthesize secondary bile acids.

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Gene expression in the liver of ethanol-treated mice via gastric tube in multiple strains

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