Prostaglandin E2 controls the metabolic adaptation of T cells to the intestinal microenvironment [scRNA-seq]
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE200567 | GEO | 2023/11/27
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Immune cells must adapt to different environments during an immune response. We studied the adaptation of CD8+ T cells to the intestinal microenvironment and how this process shapes tissue resident CD8+ T cells (TRM) in the gut. CD8+ T cells progressively remodel their transcriptome and surface phenotype as they acquire gut residency, and downregulate mitochondrial gene expression. Human and mouse gut-resident CD8+ T cells have reduced mitochondrial mass, but maintain a viable energy balance to sustain function. We found that the intestinal microenvironment is rich in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which drives mitochondrial depolarization in CD8+ T cells. Consequently, they engage autophagy to clear depolarized mitochondria, and enhance glutathione synthesis to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Impairing PGE2 sensing promotes TRM accumulation, while tampering with autophagy and glutathione negatively impacts the TRM pool. Thus, a PGE2-autophagy-glutathione axis defines the metabolic adaptation of CD8+ T cells to the intestinal microenvironment, to ultimately influence the TRM pool.
2023-11-27 | GSE200566 | GEO
Project description:Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide key adaptive immune responses in infection, cancer, and autoimmunity. However transcriptional heterogeneity of human intestinal TRM cells remains undefined. Here, we investigated transcriptional and functional heterogeneity of human TRM cells through study of donor-derived intestinal TRM cells from intestinal transplant recipients. Single-cell transcriptional profiling identified two distinct transcriptional states of CD8+ TRM cells, delineated by ITGAE and ITGB2 expression. We defined a transcriptional signature discriminating these two CD8+ populations, including differential expression of cytotoxicity- and residency-associated genes. Flow cytometry of recipient-derived cells infiltrating the graft and lymphocytes from healthy gut confirmed the two CD8+ TRM phenotypes. CD103+ CD8+ TRM cells produced IL-2, and demonstrated greater polyfunctional cytokine production, while β2-integrin+ CD69+ CD103- TRM cells had higher granzyme expression. Phenotypic and functional analysis of intestinal CD4+ T cells identified many parallels, including a distinct β2-integrin+ population. Together, these results describe the transcriptional, phenotypic, and functional heterogeneity of human intestinal CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cells.
2020-12-05 | GSE162686 | GEO
Project description:Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide key adaptive immune responses in infection, cancer, and autoimmunity. However transcriptional heterogeneity of human intestinal TRM cells remains undefined. Here, we investigated transcriptional and functional heterogeneity of human TRM cells through study of donor-derived intestinal TRM cells from intestinal transplant recipients. Single-cell transcriptional profiling identified two distinct transcriptional states of CD8+ TRM cells, delineated by ITGAE and ITGB2 expression. We defined a transcriptional signature discriminating these two CD8+ populations, including differential expression of cytotoxicity- and residency-associated genes. Flow cytometry of recipient-derived cells infiltrating the graft and lymphocytes from healthy gut confirmed the two CD8+ TRM phenotypes. CD103+ CD8+ TRM cells produced IL-2, and demonstrated greater polyfunctional cytokine production, while β2-integrin+ CD69+ CD103- TRM cells had higher granzyme expression. Phenotypic and functional analysis of intestinal CD4+ T cells identified many parallels, including a distinct β2-integrin+ population. Together, these results describe the transcriptional, phenotypic, and functional heterogeneity of human intestinal CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cells.
2020-12-05 | GSE162685 | GEO
Project description:The specifying signals provided by the tissue microenvironment to promote acquisition of Trm features vary across anatomical niches, and those delivered in the large intestine (LI) remain largely uncharacterized. Here we show that following migration of activated T cells from the priming lymph nodes, antigen recognition in the tissue microenvironment is crucial to establish LI CD8 Trm. In the absence of tissue-confined antigen, T cells fail to generate memory precursors and to accumulate in the tissue. Local antigen presentation boosts Trm generation in a dose-dependent manner, and prompts transient acquisition of a distinctive transcriptional program including key signatures of gut Trm. The definitive transcriptional landscape of LI Trm cells comprises both features that are shared with Trm at other locations, as well as unique elements. Our findings identify antigen presentation in the gut microenvironment as a key step in the generation of large LI CD8 Trm, providing key insight for the optimization of mucosal immunization strategies.
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Project description:Resident memory CD8 T cells (Trm) have been shown to provide effective protective responses in the small intestine (SI) in mice. A better understanding of the generation and persistence of SI CD8 Trm cells in humans may have implications for intestinal immune-mediated diseases and vaccine development. Analyzing normal and transplanted human SI we demonstrated that the majority of SI CD8 T cells were bona fide CD8 Trm cells that survived for over 1 year in the graft. Intraepithelial and lamina propria CD8 Trm cells showed a high clonal overlap and a repertoire dominated by expanded clones, conserved both spatially in the intestine and over time. Functionally, lamina propria CD8 Trm cells were potent cytokine-producers, exhibiting a polyfunctional (IFN-γ+ IL-2+ TNF-α+) profile, and efficiently expressed cytotoxic mediators after stimulation. These results suggest that SI CD8 Trm cells could be relevant targets for future oral vaccines and therapeutic strategies for gut disorders.
| EGAS00001003676 | EGA
Project description:The networks of transcription factors (TFs) that control multipotency versus effector programs in intestinal resident memory T (TRM) cells are poorly understood. Mice with post-activation, conditional deletion of the TF Bcl11b in CD8+ T cells, infected with a food-born pathogen, had increased numbers of intestinal TRM cells, and their precursors and decreased splenic effector cells and circulating memory cells and precursors. Loss of circulating memory cells was in part due to increased intestinal homing of Bcl11b-/- circulating precursors with no major alterations in their programs. Bcl11b-/- memory CD8+ T cells had an impaired recall response despite their accumulation in the gut. Intestinal Bcl11b-/- TRM cells and their precursors manifested major alterations in the residency program, with diminished expression of multipotency program genes and upregulation of the effector program genes. Integration of transcriptomics with chromatin accessibility, activating histone marks and Bcl11b genome binding showed a link between the reduction in the multipotent program genes with regions of decreased chromatin accessibility and activating histone marks in Bcl11b-/- cells. In contrast, the effector program genes displayed increased activating epigenetic status. We propose that Bcl11b regulates tissue resident TRM program genes and is positioned upstream of Tcf1 and Blimp1 in regulation of multipotency versus effector TRM program, respectively. Rescuing experiments normalized the increased numbers of intestinal Bcl11b-/- TRM cells. Thus, Bcl11b is a frontrunner in the memory tissue residency program and acts early in lineage decision, promoting TRM cell multipotency and restricting effector function.
2023-06-09 | GSE222913 | GEO
Project description:The networks of transcription factors (TFs) that control multipotency versus effector programs in intestinal resident memory T (TRM) cells are poorly understood. Mice with post-activation, conditional deletion of the TF Bcl11b in CD8+ T cells, infected with a food-born pathogen, had increased numbers of intestinal TRM cells, and their precursors and decreased splenic effector cells and circulating memory cells and precursors. Loss of circulating memory cells was in part due to increased intestinal homing of Bcl11b-/- circulating precursors with no major alterations in their programs. Bcl11b-/- memory CD8+ T cells had an impaired recall response despite their accumulation in the gut. Intestinal Bcl11b-/- TRM cells and their precursors manifested major alterations in the residency program, with diminished expression of multipotency program genes and upregulation of the effector program genes. Integration of transcriptomics with chromatin accessibility, activating histone marks and Bcl11b genome binding showed a link between the reduction in the multipotent program genes with regions of decreased chromatin accessibility and activating histone marks in Bcl11b-/- cells. In contrast, the effector program genes displayed increased activating epigenetic status. We propose that Bcl11b regulates tissue resident TRM program genes and is positioned upstream of Tcf1 and Blimp1 in regulation of multipotency versus effector TRM program, respectively. Rescuing experiments normalized the increased numbers of intestinal Bcl11b-/- TRM cells. Thus, Bcl11b is a frontrunner in the memory tissue residency program and acts early in lineage decision, promoting TRM cell multipotency and restricting effector function.
2023-06-09 | GSE222912 | GEO
Project description:The networks of transcription factors (TFs) that control multipotency versus effector programs in intestinal resident memory T (TRM) cells are poorly understood. Mice with post-activation, conditional deletion of the TF Bcl11b in CD8+ T cells, infected with a food-born pathogen, had increased numbers of intestinal TRM cells, and their precursors and decreased splenic effector cells and circulating memory cells and precursors. Loss of circulating memory cells was in part due to increased intestinal homing of Bcl11b-/- circulating precursors with no major alterations in their programs. Bcl11b-/- memory CD8+ T cells had an impaired recall response despite their accumulation in the gut. Intestinal Bcl11b-/- TRM cells and their precursors manifested major alterations in the residency program, with diminished expression of multipotency program genes and upregulation of the effector program genes. Integration of transcriptomics with chromatin accessibility, activating histone marks and Bcl11b genome binding showed a link between the reduction in the multipotent program genes with regions of decreased chromatin accessibility and activating histone marks in Bcl11b-/- cells. In contrast, the effector program genes displayed increased activating epigenetic status. We propose that Bcl11b regulates tissue resident TRM program genes and is positioned upstream of Tcf1 and Blimp1 in regulation of multipotency versus effector TRM program, respectively. Rescuing experiments normalized the increased numbers of intestinal Bcl11b-/- TRM cells. Thus, Bcl11b is a frontrunner in the memory tissue residency program and acts early in lineage decision, promoting TRM cell multipotency and restricting effector function.
2023-06-09 | GSE222911 | GEO
Project description:The networks of transcription factors (TFs) that control multipotency versus effector programs in intestinal resident memory T (TRM) cells are poorly understood. Mice with post-activation, conditional deletion of the TF Bcl11b in CD8+ T cells, infected with a food-born pathogen, had increased numbers of intestinal TRM cells, and their precursors and decreased splenic effector cells and circulating memory cells and precursors. Loss of circulating memory cells was in part due to increased intestinal homing of Bcl11b-/- circulating precursors with no major alterations in their programs. Bcl11b-/- memory CD8+ T cells had an impaired recall response despite their accumulation in the gut. Intestinal Bcl11b-/- TRM cells and their precursors manifested major alterations in the residency program, with diminished expression of multipotency program genes and upregulation of the effector program genes. Integration of transcriptomics with chromatin accessibility, activating histone marks and Bcl11b genome binding showed a link between the reduction in the multipotent program genes with regions of decreased chromatin accessibility and activating histone marks in Bcl11b-/- cells. In contrast, the effector program genes displayed increased activating epigenetic status. We propose that Bcl11b regulates tissue resident TRM program genes and is positioned upstream of Tcf1 and Blimp1 in regulation of multipotency versus effector TRM program, respectively. Rescuing experiments normalized the increased numbers of intestinal Bcl11b-/- TRM cells. Thus, Bcl11b is a frontrunner in the memory tissue residency program and acts early in lineage decision, promoting TRM cell multipotency and restricting effector function.
2023-06-09 | GSE222914 | GEO
Project description:CD8 tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide front-line protection at barrier tissues; however, mechanisms regulating TRM cell development are not completely understood. Priming dictates the migration of effector T cells to the tissue, while factors in the tissue induce in situ TRM cell differentiation. Whether priming also regulates in situ TRM cell differentiation uncoupled from migration is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that T cell priming in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) regulates CD103+ TRM cell differentiation in the intestine. In contrast, T cells primed in the spleen were impaired in the ability to differentiate into CD103+ TRM cells after entry into the intestine. MLN priming initiated a CD103+ TRM cell gene signature and licensed rapid CD103+ TRM cell differentiation in response to factors in the intestine. Licensing was regulated by retinoic acid signaling and primarily driven by factors other than CCR9 expression and CCR9-mediated gut homing. Thus, the MLN is specialized to promote intestinal CD103+ CD8 TRM cell development by licensing in situ differentiation.
2023-02-13 | GSE223983 | GEO