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Expression Profiling Reveals Unexpected Targets and Functions of the Human Steroid Receptor RNA Activator (SRA) Gene

ABSTRACT: The human steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) gene encodes both non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and protein-generating isoforms. However, the breadth of endogenous target genes that might be regulated by SRA RNAs remains largely unknown. To address this, we depleted SRA RNA in two human cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7) with small interfering RNAs, then assayed for changes in gene expression by microarray analyses using Affymetrix HGU133+2 arrays. We also tested if SRA depletion affects estradiol-regulated genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE20081 | GEO | 2010/02/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA124275

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Expression Profiling Reveals Unexpected Targets and Functions of the Human Steroid Receptor RNA Activator (SRA) Gene

Project description:The human steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) gene encodes both non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and protein-generating isoforms. However, the breadth of endogenous target genes that might be regulated by SRA RNAs remains largely unknown. To address this, we depleted SRA RNA in two human cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7) with small interfering RNAs, then assayed for changes in gene expression by microarray analyses using Affymetrix HGU133+2 arrays. We also tested if SRA depletion affects estradiol-regulated genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We transiently transfected HeLa or MCF-7 human cancer cell lines with with non-targeting (NT) or SRA-targeting siRNAs. Six total HeLa RNA samples were analyzed on an Affymetrix HGU133+2 array, representing three biological triplicates. Likewise, 12 total MCF-7 RNA samples were analyzed on Affymetrix HGU133+2 arrays, representing biological trilplicates for both NT and siSRA transfected cells and with/without 10 nM estradiol (E2) for 6 hours.

2010-02-21 | E-GEOD-20081 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Multiple Roles for Steroid Receptor RNA Activator (SRA) in Regulation of Adipogenesis and Insulin Sensitivity

Project description:PPARγ is a master transcriptional regulator of adipogenesis. Hence, the identification of PPARγ coactivators should help reveal mechanisms controlling gene expression in adipose tissue development and physiology. We show that the non-coding RNA Steroid receptor RNA Activator, SRA, associates with PPARγ and coactivates PPARγ-dependent reporter gene expression. Overexpression of SRA in ST2 adipocyte precursor cells promotes their differentiation into adipocytes. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous SRA inhibits 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Microarray analysis reveals hundreds of SRA-responsive genes in adipocytes, including genes in cell cycle, insulin and TNFα signaling pathways. Some functions of SRA may involve mechanisms other than coactivation of PPARγ. SRA increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes. SRA promotes S-phase entry during mitotic clonal expansion, decreases expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibiters p21Cip1 and p27Kip1, and increases phosphorylation of Cdk1/Cdc2. SRA also inhibits the TNFα-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. In conclusion, SRA enhances adipogenesis and adipocyte function through multiple pathways.

2013-05-07 | GSE21594 | GEO

Multiple Roles for Steroid Receptor RNA Activator (SRA) in Regulation of Adipogenesis and Insulin Sensitivity

Project description:PPARM-NM-3 is a master transcriptional regulator of adipogenesis. Hence, the identification of PPARM-NM-3 coactivators should help reveal mechanisms controlling gene expression in adipose tissue development and physiology. We show that the non-coding RNA Steroid receptor RNA Activator, SRA, associates with PPARM-NM-3 and coactivates PPARM-NM-3-dependent reporter gene expression. Overexpression of SRA in ST2 adipocyte precursor cells promotes their differentiation into adipocytes. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous SRA inhibits 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Microarray analysis reveals hundreds of SRA-responsive genes in adipocytes, including genes in cell cycle, insulin and TNFM-NM-1 signaling pathways. Some functions of SRA may involve mechanisms other than coactivation of PPARM-NM-3. SRA increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes. SRA promotes S-phase entry during mitotic clonal expansion, decreases expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibiters p21Cip1 and p27Kip1, and increases phosphorylation of Cdk1/Cdc2. SRA also inhibits the TNFM-NM-1-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. In conclusion, SRA enhances adipogenesis and adipocyte function through multiple pathways. Total RNA was isolated from fully differentiated (MDIT day 4) SRA overexpressing (pMSCV-SRA) and control (pMSCV empty vector) ST2 adipocytes, or fully differentiated (MDIT day 8) shSRA knockdown (pSuperior-shSRA) or shControl (pSuperior-shcontrol) 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Genome wide gene expression analysis was performed using Affymetrix mouse genome 430 2.0 arrays. Triplicate samples were analyzed.

2013-05-07 | E-GEOD-21594 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-wide map of long non-coding RNA steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) in human erythroleukemic K562 cell line

Project description:We performed Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP) of SRA by high-throughput sequencing in K562 cell line. We find that SRA occupied genome-wide including alpha- and beta-globin loci.

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Mediation of CTCF transcriptional insulation by DEAD-box RNA-binding protein p68 and steroid receptor RNA activator SRA

Project description:CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a DNA-binding protein that plays important roles in chromatin organization, though the mechanism by which CTCF carries out these functions is not fully understood. Recent studies show that CTCF recruits the cohesin complex to insulator sites and that cohesin is required for insulator activity. Here we have shown that the DEAD box RNA helicase p68 (DDX5) and its associated noncoding RNA, steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA), form a complex with CTCF that is essential for insulator function. p68 was detected at CTCF sites in the IGF2/H19 imprinted control region (ICR) as well as other genomic CTCF sites. In vivo depletion of SRA or p68 reduced CTCF-mediated insulator activity at the IGF2/H19 ICR, increased levels of IGF2 expression, and increased interactions between the endodermal enhancer and IGF2 promoter. p68/SRA also interacts with members of the cohesin complex. Depletion of either p68 or SRA does not affect CTCF binding to its genomic sites, but it does reduce cohesin binding. The results suggest that p68/SRA stabilizes the interaction of cohesin with CTCF, by binding to both, and is required for proper insulator function.

2010-11-16 | GSE24126 | GEO

Next generation sequencing of the transcriptome in MCF-7 cells with/without SRA knockdown

Project description:We employed next generation sequencing to examine whether knocking down the steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) gene significantly affect the expression levels of certain genes in MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 cells were transfected with either a pool of four non-target control siRNAs or a pool of four SRA siRNAs for 32 hrs. 157 million reads were generated from triplicate samples of the control group; 151 million reads were generated from triplicate samples of the SRA knockdown group. Six genes were identified as significantly changed in the expression levels with the cutoff of q value ≤ 0.05, fold change ≤ 0.5 or ≥ 2, and reads per kilobase per million mapped reads (RPKM) ≥ 1. However, except for SRA itself, the other five genes were shown by real-time PCR to be only affected by one siRNA in the SRA siRNA pool. Further analysis of this dataset with different cuttoff setting may reveal true SRA-regulated genes in MCF-7.

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Mediation of CTCF transcriptional insulation by DEAD-box RNA-binding protein p68 and steroid receptor RNA activator SRA

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Genome-wide map of long non-coding RNA steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) and its associated RNA heliase p68 in human pluripotent stem cells NTERA2

Project description:We performed Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP) of SRA and ChIP of p68 following by high-throughput sequencing in NTERA2 cell line. We find that SRA localizes with p68 genome-wide at genes whose function is involved in embryonic development.

2014-06-18 | GSE58641 | GEO

Research resource: expression profiling reveals unexpected targets and functions of the human steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) gene.

Project description:The human steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) gene encodes both noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and protein-generating isoforms. In reporter assays, SRA ncRNA enhances nuclear receptor and myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD)-mediated transcription but also participates in specific corepressor complexes, serving as a distinct scaffold. That SRA RNA levels might affect some biological functions, such as proliferation, apoptosis, steroidogenesis, and myogenesis, has been reported. However, the breadth of endogenous target genes that might be regulated by SRA RNAs remains largely unknown. To address this, we depleted SRA RNA in two human cancer cell lines with small interfering RNAs and then assayed for changes in gene expression by microarray analyses. The majority of significantly changed genes were reduced upon SRA knockdown, implicating SRA RNAs as endogenous coactivators. Unexpectedly, only a small subset of direct estrogen receptor-alpha target genes was affected in estradiol-treated MCF-7 cells. Eight bona fide SRA downstream target genes were identified (SLC2A3, SLC2A12, CCL20, TGFB2, DIO2, TMEM65, TBL1X, and TMPRSS2), representing entirely novel SRA targets, except for TMPRSS2. These data suggest unanticipated roles for SRA in glucose uptake, cellular signaling, T(3) hormone generation, and invasion/metastasis. SRA depletion in MDA-MB-231 cells reduced invasiveness and expression of some genes critical for this process. Consistent with the knockdown data, overexpressed SRA ncRNA coactivates certain target promoters and may enhance the activity of some coregulatory proteins. This study is a valuable resource because it represents the first genome-wide analysis of a mammalian RNA coregulator.

| S-EPMC2870939 | biostudies-literature

Expression Profiling Reveals Unexpected Targets and Functions of the Human Steroid Receptor RNA Activator (SRA) Gene

| S-ECPF-GEOD-20081 | biostudies-other