Single-cell RNA-Seq of human thyroid organoid II
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE203084 | GEO | 2022/10/24
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The function of the thyroid gland is to metabolize iodide to synthesize hormones that act on almost all tissues and are essential for normal growth and metabolism. Low plasma levels of thyroid hormones lead to hypothyroidism, which is one of the most common diseases in the general population and cannot be always satisfactorily treated by lifelong hormone replacement. Therefore, in addition to the lack of in vitro tractable models to study human thyroid development, differentiation and maturation, there is a need for new therapeutic approaches that involve replacement of thyroid tissue to better control hormone balance. Here we report the first model of thyroid organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells that produce thyroid hormones in vitro and are capable of restoring plasma thyroid hormone levels when transplanted into athyreotic mice.
2022-10-24 | GSE201558 | GEO
Project description:The function of the thyroid gland is to metabolize iodide to synthesize hormones that act on almost all tissues and are essential for normal growth and metabolism. Low plasma levels of thyroid hormones lead to hypothyroidism, which is one of the most common diseases in the general population and cannot be always satisfactorily treated by lifelong hormone replacement. Therefore, in addition to the lack of in vitro tractable models to study human thyroid development, differentiation and maturation, there is a need for new therapeutic approaches that involve replacement of thyroid tissue to better control hormone balance. Here we report the first model of thyroid organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells that produce thyroid hormones in vitro and are capable of restoring plasma thyroid hormone levels when transplanted into athyreotic mice.
2022-10-24 | GSE181256 | GEO
Project description:The function of the thyroid gland is to metabolize iodide to synthesize hormones that act on almost all tissues and are essential for normal growth and metabolism. Low plasma levels of thyroid hormones lead to hypothyroidism, which is one of the most common diseases in the general population and cannot be always satisfactorily treated by lifelong hormone replacement. Therefore, in addition to the lack of in vitro tractable models to study human thyroid development, differentiation and maturation, there is a need for new therapeutic approaches that involve replacement of thyroid tissue to better control hormone balance. Here we report the first model of thyroid organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells that produce thyroid hormones in vitro and are capable of restoring plasma thyroid hormone levels when transplanted into athyreotic mice.
2022-10-24 | GSE181452 | GEO
Project description:We investigated the effects of thyroid hormone disruptions on gene expression in juvenile mice liver to develop a stronger understanding of the mechanisms by which thyroid disrupting chemicals impair development. Gene expression was examined by hybridization of hepatic RNA to Agilent mouse microarrays for hyper-, hypo-, hypo-replacement (hypo+) and euthyroid animals. Keywords: Toxicogenomics, biomarkers of thyroid disruptors Hypothyroidism was induced from post natal day (PND) 13 to 15 by adding model thyroid toxicants methimazole and sodium perchlorate to drinking water of pregnant females. Hyperthyroidism was induced by intraperitoneal injections (i.p.) of THs at PND 15, 4 hours before decapitation and tissue collection. For the hypothyroid/replacement group; dams were provided with drinking water for 3 days (PND 13 to 15), containing a mixture of methimazole/sodium perchlorate. Pups then received intraperitoneal injections of thyoid hormones on PND 15, 4 hours before decapitation and tissue collection.
2012-03-29 | E-GEOD-21307 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In patients undergoing thyroidectomy one of the goals of post-surgical follow-up is the correct maintenance of thyroid hormone (TH) levels by replacement therapy with levo-thyroxine (LT4). Nevertheless, some patients complain of symptoms of hypothyroidism (memory loss, weight gain, fatigue, depression, and reduced quality of life) despite values of thyroid hormones get the physiological range. Since this recurrent issue, we aim to compare serum proteomic profiles of LT4-euthyroid thyroidectomized patients with stable or reduced post-operative quality of life. Proteomic analysis highlights a different protein profile in serum of patients with reduced quality of life compared to the other although both resulted euthyroid. Differential proteins are involved in coagulation processes, complement system activation and in lipoprotein particles remodeling, that together lead to a pro-inflammatory response. Moreover, a particular protein isoform pattern of apolipoprotein A1 and alpha 1 antitrypsin, was also detected. This study suggests that LT4 replacement therapy might restore euthyroid conditions in thyroidectomized patients but in some cases without re-establish body tissues euthyroidism. This condition is reflected by the serum protein profile that shows a behavior similar to overt hypothyroidism.
2022-04-04 | PXD028378 | Pride
Project description:Deficiency in Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factor, GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) in humans is associated with the development of congenital hypothyroidism. However, the functions of GLIS3 in the thyroid gland and by what mechanism GLIS3-dysfunction causes hypothyroidism are unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that GLIS3 acts downstream of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)/TSHR and is indispensable for TSH/TSHR-mediated induction of thyroid follicular cell proliferation and thyroid hormone biosynthesis. ChIP-Seq and promoter analysis revealed that GLIS3 is critical for the transcriptional activation of several genes required for thyroid hormone biosynthesis, including the iodide transporters Nis and Pds, indicating that these genes are directly regulated by GLIS3. The repression of cell proliferation regulatory genes is due to the inhibition of TSH-mediated activation of the mTORC1/RPS6 pathway as well as direct transcriptional regulation of several cell division-related genes by GLIS3. Consequently, GLIS3-deficiency prevents the development of goiter as well as the induction of inflammatory and fibrotic genes during chronic elevation of circulating TSH. Our study identifies GLIS3 as a new and key regulator of TSH/TSHR-mediated thyroid hormone biosynthesis and proliferation of thyroid follicular cells, and uncovers a mechanism by which GLIS3-deficiency causes congenital hypothyroidism and prevents goiter development.
2017-08-30 | GSE103297 | GEO
Project description:Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 play a crucial role in the regulation of vertebrate metabolism. The thyroglobulin (Tg) protein is key to thyroid hormone synthesis, and its structure is conserved among vertebrates. TgG is delivered through the secretory pathway to the lumen of the thyroid gland, where it is iodinated at specific tyrosine sites to form mono- or di-iodotyrosine, which combine to produce T3 and T4, respectively. The formation of these hormones depends on the precise 3D structure of thyroglobulin, which has remained unknown despite decades of research on this protein. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human thyroglobulin, to a global resolution of 3.2 Å. Our results offer structural insight into thyroid hormonogenesis and provide a framework to understand hundreds of clinically relevant mutations. The structure of hTg contributes to a better understanding and potentially improved treatment of thyroid hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer and other Tg disorders.
2022-02-24 | PXD018452 | Pride
Project description:An inverse correlation between circulating thyroid hormone levels and longevity has been reported in several species and reduced thyroid hormone levels have been proposed as a biomarker for healthy aging and metabolic fitness in humans. However, hypothyroidism is a serious medical condition associated with reduced health and life expectancy. In this report, we show that severe and even subtle modulations on thyroid hormone levels leading to different forms of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism produce an overall unhealthy status and reduced lifespan in mice. A mild reduction in circulating T4 levels (~10%) resulted in hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, increased ROS production and oxidative damage accumulation. These actions may contribute to the development of metabolic disorders, increased prevalence of hepatocellular carcinomas and early mortality in mice. Our findings raise concerns regarding the development of interventions aiming to modulate thyroid hormones to promote healthy aging or lifespan extension in mammals.
2020-04-13 | GSE123288 | GEO
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of rat liver comparing male rats with congenital hypothyrodism (CH) vs intact at adulhood. Here we studied how CH influences liver gene expression program in adulthood. Thyroid hormones are required for normal growth and development in mammals. Congenital-neonatal hypothyroidism (CH) has a profound impact on physiology but its specific influence in liver is less understood. Here we studied how CH influences liver gene expression program in adulthood. Pregnant rats were given anti-thyroid drug methimazole (MMI) from GD12 until PND30 to induce CH in male offspring. Growth defects due to CH were evident as a reduction in body weight and tail length from the second week of life. Once the MMI treatment was discontinued, feed efficiency increased in CH and this was accompanied by significant catch-up growth. On PND80, significant reduction in body mass, tail length, and circulating IGF-I remained in CH rats. On the other hand, mRNA levels of known GH targeted genes were significantly up-regulated. Serum levels of thyroid hormones, cholesterol, and triglycerides showed no significant differences. In contrast, CH rats showed significant changes in expression for hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism with an increased transcription of PPAR and reduced expression of genes involved in fatty acids and cholesterol uptake, cellular sterol efflux, triglycerides assembly, bile acid synthesis, and lipogenesis. These changes were associated with a decrease of intrahepatic lipids. Finally, CH rats responded to hypothyroidism onset in adulthood with a reduction of serum fatty acids and hepatic cholesteryl esters, and to T3 replacement with enhanced activation of lipogenic transcriptional program. In summary, we provided in vivo evidence that neonatal hypothyroidism causes long-lasting effects on hepatic transcriptional program and tissue sensitivity to hormone treatment. This highlights the critical role that a euthyroid state during development plays on normal liver physiology in adulthood. Two conditions CH vs INTACT male rats. Biological replicates: Four independent hybridizations: 4 controls (age-matched intact rats) vs 4 CH (male rats with congenital hypothyroidism) on postnatal day 80 for a total of four arrays. One replicate per array.
2012-03-10 | E-GEOD-32705 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cerebellar post-natal development is particularly sensitive to thyroid hormone and low levels of thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism) result in permanent defects in cerebellar architecture and function. All cell types of the cerebellum are affected, but the main sign of hypothyroidism in mice is the persistence of the external granular layer, composed of mitotic neuronal precursors at P21. To make the genetic link between thyroid hormone and cerebellar development, we sought to identify new thyroid hormone target genes, in particular in granule cells which represent the vast majority of cerebellar cells.
2012-03-30 | GSE24793 | GEO