Cardiac cells after mechanical stress, ionising radiation or UV
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus
PROVIDER: GSE2032 | GEO | 2004/12/03
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA91855
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Rationale: During excessive pressure or overload, cardiac cells are subjected to increased mechanical stress. We investigate how the stress response of cardiac cells to mechanical stress can be compared to genotoxic stresses induced by DNA damaging agents. Methods: Cultures enriched for cardiomyocytes and cultures of fibroblasts were derived from ventricles of neonatal rat hearts. In three independent experiments, both cell cultures were subjected to mechanical stress (cyclic stretch at 60 cycles/min), UV irradiation (10 J/m2), or X-rays (8.5 Gy). Cells were harvested 24 h. after (the onset of) treatment. Total RNA was isolated using an RNeasy® kit (Qiagen). Single stranded cDNA was synthesized from RNA from myocyte-enriched populations (10-14 microgram) and populations of fibroblasts (7.5-14 microgram), using Superscript II reverse transcriptase and T7-oligo(dT)24 primers at 42ºC for 1 h. Double stranded cDNA was obtained by using DNA ligase, DNA polymerase I and RNAse H at 16ºC for 2 h, followed by T4 DNA polymerase at 16ºC for 5 min. cRNA was synthesized from cDNA using the BioArray HighYield® RNA transcript labeling kit (Enzo) in the presence of biotin-labeled CTP and UTP. cRNA was fragmented in a buffer containing 40 mM Tris-acetate (pH 8.1), 100 mM KAc and 30 mM MgAc, at 94ºC for 35 min. Fragmented cRNA was hybridized to GeneChip RG-U34A arrays (Affymetrix) at 45ºC for 16 h. Arrays were washed and incubated with a streptavidin-phycoerythrin complex. Fluorescent signals were determined with a GeneChip scanner.
2007-09-18 | E-GEOD-2032 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Rationale: Immortalized cells may exhibit important differences relative to their primary cell counterparts. Microarrays were used compare primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the immortalized HUVEC cell line EA.hy926, in their response to inhibition of the mevalonate pathway by a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (atorvastatin). The effects of atorvastatin were reversed by the addition of mevalonate, to subtract non-specific changes in gene expression. Methods: Confluent cell cultures of HUVECs and EA.hy926 cells (two independent experiments in each cell type) were incubated with 1) statin-free media; 2) 10 microM atorvastatin; 3) 500 microM mevalonate; or 4) a combination of 10 microM atorvastatin and 500 microM mevalonate. All cells were harvested at 24 h. Total RNA was isolated using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen). cDNA was prepared from 10 microgram total RNA using a double-stranded cDNA synthesis kit (Life Technologies) with a T7-dT24 primer for first-strand synthesis. cRNA was synthesized from cDNA and biotinylated using the BioArray High Yield RNA Transcript Labeling Kit (Enzo Diagnostics). Twenty microgram of cRNA was fragmented by heating at 94°C for 35 min in fragmentation buffer, containing 40 mM Tris-acetate, pH 8.1, 125 mM KOAc, 30 mM MgOAc. Fifteen micrgram of fragmented cRNA, together with control cRNAs and grid alignment oligonucleotides, were hybridized overnight to GeneChip Human Genome U133A 2.0 arrays (Affymetrix) at 45°C under constant rotation. Arrays were washed and incubated with an anti-streptavidin antibody. Fluorescent signals were measured using an Agilent Gene Array Laser Scanner and analyzed with MicroArray Suite 5.0 (Affymetrix). Microarrays were scaled using default settings. Keywords: other
2005-03-29 | GSE2450 | GEO
Project description:Rationale: Immortalized cells may exhibit important differences relative to their primary cell counterparts. Microarrays were used compare primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the immortalized HUVEC cell line EA.hy926, in their response to inhibition of the mevalonate pathway by a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (atorvastatin). The effects of atorvastatin were reversed by the addition of mevalonate, to subtract non-specific changes in gene expression. Methods: Confluent cell cultures of HUVECs and EA.hy926 cells (two independent experiments in each cell type) were incubated with 1) statin-free media; 2) 10 microM atorvastatin; 3) 500 microM mevalonate; or 4) a combination of 10 microM atorvastatin and 500 microM mevalonate. All cells were harvested at 24 h. Total RNA was isolated using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen). cDNA was prepared from 10 microgram total RNA using a double-stranded cDNA synthesis kit (Life Technologies) with a T7-dT24 primer for first-strand synthesis. cRNA was synthesized from cDNA and biotinylated using the BioArray High Yield RNA Transcript Labeling Kit (Enzo Diagnostics). Twenty microgram of cRNA was fragmented by heating at 94°C for 35 min in fragmentation buffer, containing 40 mM Tris-acetate, pH 8.1, 125 mM KOAc, 30 mM MgOAc. Fifteen micrgram of fragmented cRNA, together with control cRNAs and grid alignment oligonucleotides, were hybridized overnight to GeneChip Human Genome U133A 2.0 arrays (Affymetrix) at 45°C under constant rotation. Arrays were washed and incubated with an anti-streptavidin antibody. Fluorescent signals were measured using an Agilent Gene Array Laser Scanner and analyzed with MicroArray Suite 5.0 (Affymetrix). Microarrays were scaled using default settings.
2007-08-21 | E-GEOD-2450 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Experiment on the effects of ethanol (acute oral) on induction of genes by polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly IC). Microarray methodology follows: cDNA for each sample was synthesized from 8.5 µg total RNA using a Superscript cDNA Synthesis Kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) in combination with a T7-(dT)24 primer. Following phenol-chloroform extraction of the cDNA, biotinylated cRNA was transcribed in vitro using the BioArray HighYield RNA Transcript Labeling Kit (ENZO Biochem, New York, NY) and purified using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Twenty micrograms of purified cRNA was fragmented by incubation in fragmentation buffer (200 mM Tris-acetate, pH 8.1, 500 mM potassium acetate, 150 mM magnesium acetate) at 94°C for 35 minutes and chilled on ice. Fifteen micrograms of fragmented biotin-labeled cRNA was hybridized to the Murine Genome U74Av2 Array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA), interrogating a total of 12,488 murine gene cDNA probes, for 16 hr at 45°C with constant rotation (60 rpm). The arrays were washed and then stained for 10 min at 25°C with 10 µg/mL streptavidin-R phycoerythrin (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) followed by 3 µg/mL biotinylated goat anti-streptavidin antibody (Vector Laboratories) for 10 minutes at 25°C. Arrays were then stained once again with streptavidin-R phycoerythrin for 10 min at 25°C. After washing and staining, the arrays were scanned using an Agilent GeneArray Scanner (Agilent Technologies) at 570 nm. Pixel intensities were measured, expression signals were analyzed and features extracted using a commercial software package (Microarray Suite ver 5.0, Affymetrix). Data mining and statistical analyses were performed with Data Mining Tool ver 3.0 (Affymetrix) algorithms. Arrays were globally scaled to a target intensity value of 2,500 in order to compare individual experiments. The absolute call (present, marginal, absent) of 12,488 gene expressions in each sample, as well as the direction of change, and fold change of gene expressions between samples were identified using the above-mentioned software. Keywords: other
2004-04-15 | GSE1308 | GEO
Project description:Identification of new and unpredicted full length Arabidopsis genes. Examination of cRNA prepared from Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia light grown 7-day old seedlings, light grown 7-day old seedlings treated at 4 degrees C for 24hrs, and etiolated 7-day old seedlings using pilot genome tiling arrays. Total RNA was isolated from seedlings with the TRIzol reagent procedure of Invitrogen, then poly(A)+ RNA was purified with Qiagen oligotex. One microgram poly(A)+ RNA was converted into ds-cDNA using T7-oligo(dT) primers. Biotin-labeled cRNA was generated by in vitro transcription reactions using ENZO labeling kit, fragmented and then 20 micrograms of fragmented cRNA were hybridized to the arrays according to Affymetrix instructions. Keywords: other
2003-10-30 | GSE604 | GEO
Project description:BY4730 cultures were exposed to medium containing dilutions of test agent (Cisplatin (Cis), 600mg/mL; Methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), 0.12% v/v; Bleomycin (Bleo), 0.15U/mL; NaCl, 10mg/mL; ethanol, 15% v/v) for 120 min. Control cultures were either mock-treated with the solvent, DMSO (for comparison to Cis, MMS, Bleo) or maintained in media (for comparison to ethanol and NaCl) for 120 mins. Sample preparation and processing procedures were performed according the Affymetrix Genechipâ Expression Analysis Technical Manual (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Briefly, total RNA was isolated from thawed cell pellets using a hot phenol protocol described by Schmitt et. al. (1990). Total RNA was converted to poly(A)+ mRNA and isolated using Oligotex mRNA kit. Double stranded cDNA was generated by using T7-(dT) 24 oligo primer (Genset Corp., San Diego, CA) and Superscript Double Stranded cDNA Synthesis Kit (Gibco BRL, Carlsbad, CA). The cDNA was used for in vitro transcription (IVT) with Enzo BioArray RNA Transcript Labeling Kit to incorporate biotinylated ribonucleotides. Biotinylated cRNA (15 mg) was fragmented in 40 mM tris-acetate, pH 8.1; 30 mM MgOAc; 100 mM KOAc. Samples were then hybridized with Affymetrix probe array Yeast Genome S98 at 45°C for 16 hours with constant rotation. Hybridized probe arrays were washed and stained using an Affymetrix GeneChipâ Fluidics Station 400 and protocol EukGE-WS2. The chips were scanned using the Affymetrix GeneArray Scanner. Keywords: repeat sample
2005-04-20 | GSE2224 | GEO
Project description:We have used commercially available oligonucleotide arrays to measure the relative expression levels of >10,000 genes and ESTs. Recent evidence suggested certain advantages of performing such expression experiments on two or more different platforms of oligonucleotide arrays. Here we have used two oligonucleotide platforms, MG U74Av2.0 arrays from Affymetrix and CodeLink UniSet1 from GE Healthcare, to assess whole brain gene expression patterns in naive C57BL/6 and DBA/2J mice. C57BL/6J (n = 5) and DBA/2J (n = 4) male mice, 25-30 g body weight, were obtained from Jackson Laboratories. Animals were group-housed and quickly sacrificed by CO2 exposure according to a protocol approved by the UCHSC IACUC. Brains were rapidly removed and stored at -80oC until use. Whole brain was homogenized in lysis buffer using a Polytron, and total RNA was isolated using the RNeasy Midi Kit (Qiagen) following the protocol supplied by the manufacturer. An additional clean-up of total RNA was carried out using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen). Using the protocol supplied by the manufacturer, double-stranded cDNA was synthesized from the total RNA (4 ug of total RNA from an individual mouse brain was used for each array) and was used to obtain biotin-labeled cRNA by an in vitro transcription reaction. Biotin-labeled cRNA was recovered using the RNeasy kit. Biotin-labeled cRNA from each mouse was then fragmented and hybridized with two separate (duplicate) CodeLink BioArrays. The average of the gene expression intensity values for each probe set from these technical replicates was used for data analysis. The BioArrays were subsequently stained for 30 min with Cy5-Streptavidin and washed prior to scanning. For MG U74Av2 arrays,double-stranded cDNA was synthesized from 5 ug of total RNA, using the protocol supplied by the manufacturer, and used to obtain biotin-labeled cRNA by an in vitro transcription reaction. Biotin-labeled cRNA was then fragmented and the quality of the fragmented cRNA was assessed using Test2 chips prior to hybridization with the Affymetrix arrays. Hybridization of the cRNA with the Affymetrix arrays was carried out according to the manufacturer's protocol. The arrays were stained with streptavidin-phycoerythrin conjugate and scanned by a GeneArray scanner. Keywords: other
2006-04-05 | GSE2502 | GEO
Project description:Experiment on the effects of ethanol (acute oral) on induction of genes by polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly IC). Microarray methodology follows: cDNA for each sample was synthesized from 8.5 µg total RNA using a Superscript cDNA Synthesis Kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) in combination with a T7-(dT)24 primer. Following phenol-chloroform extraction of the cDNA, biotinylated cRNA was transcribed in vitro using the BioArray HighYield RNA Transcript Labeling Kit (ENZO Biochem, New York, NY) and purified using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Twenty micrograms of purified cRNA was fragmented by incubation in fragmentation buffer (200 mM Tris-acetate, pH 8.1, 500 mM potassium acetate, 150 mM magnesium acetate) at 94°C for 35 minutes and chilled on ice. Fifteen micrograms of fragmented biotin-labeled cRNA was hybridized to the Murine Genome U74Av2 Array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA), interrogating a total of 12,488 murine gene cDNA probes, for 16 hr at 45°C with constant rotation (60 rpm). The arrays were washed and then stained for 10 min at 25°C with 10 µg/mL streptavidin-R phycoerythrin (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) followed by 3 µg/mL biotinylated goat anti-streptavidin antibody (Vector Laboratories) for 10 minutes at 25°C. Arrays were then stained once again with streptavidin-R phycoerythrin for 10 min at 25°C. After washing and staining, the arrays were scanned using an Agilent GeneArray Scanner (Agilent Technologies) at 570 nm. Pixel intensities were measured, expression signals were analyzed and features extracted using a commercial software package (Microarray Suite ver 5.0, Affymetrix). Data mining and statistical analyses were performed with Data Mining Tool ver 3.0 (Affymetrix) algorithms. Arrays were globally scaled to a target intensity value of 2,500 in order to compare individual experiments. The absolute call (present, marginal, absent) of 12,488 gene expressions in each sample, as well as the direction of change, and fold change of gene expressions between samples were identified using the above-mentioned software.
2008-06-12 | E-GEOD-1308 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Experiment design Type of experiment: Gene expression profiling analysis of S.cerevisiae W303-1a. Experimental factor: genetic variation (WT, gpr1 and gpa2 mutant strains). Number of hybridizations: 6. Single-colour labeling was performed for each sample. Sample preparation: Total RNA was prepared using FastRNA Pro Red Kit (BIO 101 Systems) according to the manufacturers' instructions. Labeling protocol 10 µg of total RNA was reverse transcribed using the SuperScript Choice system for cDNA synthesis (Life Technologies) according to the protocol recommended by Affymetrix. The oligonucleotide used for priming was 5’-ggccagtgaattgtaatacgactcactatagggaggcgg-(t)24-3’ (Genset Oligo). Double-stranded cDNA was cleaned by phenol:chloroform extraction and the aqueous phase removed by centrifugation through Phase-lock Gel (Eppendorf). In vitro transcription was performed on 1 µg of cDNA using the Enzo BioArray High Yield RNA transcript labelling kit (Enzo Diagnostics). The cRNA was cleaned using RNAeasy clean-up columns (Qiagen). The cRNA was fragmented by heating in 40 mM Tris-acetate pH 8.1, 100 mM KOAc, 30 mM MgOAc. Hybridization protocol 10 µg of fragmented cRNA were hybridised (45°C, 16 hours). Hybridization was controled by use of the GeneChip™ Eukaryotic Hybridization Control Kit (Affymetrix). Washing and staining was performed in a Fluidics Station 400 (Affymetrix) using the protocol EukGE-WS2v4. Measurement data, specifications and data processing Scanning was performed in an Affymetrix GeneChip scanner. Chip analysis was performed using the Affymetrix Microarray Suite v5. Changes in gene expression were assessed by looking for concordant changes between all replicates using a signed Wilcoxon rank test. The “change” p-value threshold was < 0.025 for increase and > 0.975 for decrease. Array design Microarray analysis was performed using YGS98 GeneChips™ oligonucleotide arrays (Affymetrix #900256) representing approximately 6000 ORFs. Sequences and GenBank accession numbers of all probe sets are available at the Affymetrix home page http://www.affymetrix.com/index.affx. Keywords: ordered
2004-12-08 | GSE970 | GEO
Project description:• The origin of biological samples (In vitro infection of HCT-8 cells with Cryptosporidium parvum) Monolayers of the HCT-8 cells (ATCC CCL-244, American Type Culture Collection) were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and additional nutritional supplements. Cells in log phase were plated at 2×106 cells per 150 mm tissue culture dish and infected with sterilised Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts (Iowa strain). Purified oocysts were suspended in phosphate buffered saline, sterilised in 33% bleach for 7 min on ice, washed in Hank's buffered saline solution, and added to HCT-8 cultures at a ratio of one oocyst per cell. Following a 2 h excystation period at 37 °C, cells were washed with warm Hank's buffered saline solution, and cells were incubated in fresh supplemented media. Mock-infected cultures were treated identically, with the exception that oocysts were not added to the cultures. Three independent mock- and C. parvum-infected cultures were prepared for analysis. • The origin of mRNA samples At 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72h post-inoculation, cell culture media were removed and cultures were immediately lysed by the addition of 3.5 ml of Trizol® reagent (GIBCO BRL Life Technologies) directly to the culture plate. Total RNA was prepared as described by the manufacturer, and poly(A) mRNA was isolated using oligo-dT cellulose columns (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). The qualities of total RNA and poly(A) mRNA preparations were assessed by Northern blot. • Protocols for conducting microarray hybridization Poly(A) mRNA was converted into ‘target’ suitable for hybridisation to Affymetrix microarray chips according to protocols provided by Affymetrix Inc. (Santa Clara, CA). Briefly, 2.0 g of poly(A) mRNA was reverse-transcribed to prepare double-stranded cDNA using T7-(dT)24 primer (GENSET Corp., La Jolla, CA) and Superscript II reverse transcriptase (GIBCO). Approximately 1 g of cDNA was used for in vitro transcription in the presence of biotinylated UTP and CTP using the Enzo BioArray High Yield RNA Transcript Labelling Kit (Enzo Diagnostics, Inc). This labelled cRNA was fragmented in 40 mM Tris–acetate (pH 8.1), 100 mM potassium acetate, and 30 mM magnesium acetate at 94 °C for 35 min. The integrity of cRNA and the efficiency of fragmentation were monitored by Northern blot analysis (not shown). Fragmented biotinylated cRNA targets were hybridised to HG-U95Av2 chips (Affymetrix) that contain probe sets for 12,600 human gene/transcripts. Fifteen micrograms of fragmented cRNA and appropriate controls were hybridised to the chips at 45 °C for 16 h with constant rotation at 60 rev./min. The chips were subsequently washed and stained with streptavidin–phycoerythrin conjugate using the GeneChip Fluidics station protocol EukGE_WS2 (Affymetrix). Following washing and staining, microarray chips were scanned twice at 3 m resolution using a Hewlett-Packard confocal scanner and hybridisation intensities for each of the genes/transcripts were collected from scanned images. • Analysis of microarray data Gene expression data were initially analysed with the GeneChip® expression analysis software (Affymetrix Microarray Suite, version 5.0). The fluorescence intensity of the genes/transcripts was measured for each probe array and, to minimise discrepancies due to non-biological variations, normalised by global scaling to 1000. Further data analyses were performed using GeneSpring software (version 6.0; Silicon Genetics, Redwood City, CA). Per gene normalisation was applied in which the expression signal of each gene in C. parvum-infected cells (raw data) was normalised to the median of its measurements in the mock-infected samples (control); and the ratio of expression levels between mock and infected samples was calculated as the mean value of normalised signal vs. control signal among three replicates. To identify genes with significantly altered expression, a series of statistical analyses (filtering) were performed: cut-off values for ratio of expression levels 1.80 and 0.55 were used to filter genes with expression level fold changes greater than ±1.8 in all three independent samples. Genes with fold change variations >1.5 across the three samples were excluded. Furthermore, a ‘statistical group comparison’ using Student's t-test/ANOVA was conducted to compare mean expression levels between mock-infected and infected samples, and the genes with significant differential expression (P<0.05) were selected. Identified differentially expressed genes were then annotated using GeneSpring's ‘Build Simplified Ontology’ constructor which hierarchically groups genes into meaningful biological categories (gene lists) based on the Gene Ontology Consortium Classifications. Various lists of regulated genes were created by cross-referencing annotated gene lists and applying assorted statistical and visualisation methods. Keywords: time-course
2005-02-15 | GSE2077 | GEO