Tsc2 shapes olfactory bulb granule cell molecular and morphological characteristics
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE206287 | GEO | 2022/06/19
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) family of tumor suppressors, TSC1 and TSC2, function together in an evolutionarily conserved protein complex that is a point of convergence for major cell signaling pathways that regulate mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). Mutation or aberrant inhibition of the TSC complex is common in various human tumor syndromes and cancers. The discovery of novel therapeutic strategies to selectively target cells with functional loss of this complex is therefore of substantial clinical relevance to TSC and sporadic cancers. We developed a CRISPR-based method to generate homogenous mutant Drosophila cell lines. By combining TSC1 and TSC2 mutant cell lines with RNAi screens against all kinases and phosphatases, we identified synthetic interactions with TSC1 and TSC2. Knockdown of three candidate genes (mRNA-cap, Pitslre and CycT; orthologs of RNGTT, CDK11 and CCNT1 in humans) reduced the population growth rate of both Drosophila TSC1 and TSC2 mutant cells but not that of wild-type cells. Moreover, knockdown of all three genes displayed similar selective effects in mammalian TSC2-deficient cell lines, including human tumor-derived cells, illustrating the power of this cross species screening strategy to identify potential drug targets.
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Project description:HSP90 and its co-chaperon R2TP are involved to assemble and stabilize many macro-molecular complexes involved in cell proliferation. R2TP complex is composed of RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 AAA+ ATPases and two adapter proteins RPAP3 and PIH1D1. The N-terminal domain of PIH1D1 was described to possess a basic pocket that binds phosphorylated peptides on some of the R2TP clients. Subunits of TSC complex (Tuberous SClerosis) have previously been described in proteomic analysis of proteins immune-precipitated with PIH1D1 N-terminal domain. TSC complex is a regulator of mTOR activity. It is composed of TSC1, TSC2 and TBC1D7 subunits. Here, we show that (i) TSC1 and TSC2 are both substrates of HSP90, (ii) the HSP90/R2TP system has multiple interaction with TSC complex subunits and (iii) it is functionally involved in the assembly of the TSC complex. We found a direct interaction of TSC1 with the phospho-binding pocket of PIH1D1 N-terminal domain regardless of phosphorylationbut in a non-canonical phosphorylation independent manner[XM1] . TSC2 and TBC1D7 would also interact with R2TP but independently of PIH1D1. Taken together, these data suggest that R2TP acts as a platform for the independent recruitment of TSC subunits before the assembly of the TSC complex
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Project description:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a disease caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, and is characterized by tumor susceptibility, brain lesions, seizures and behavioral impairments. The TSC1 and TSC2 genes encode proteins forming a complex (TSC), which is a major regulator and suppressor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in complex 1 (mTORC1), a signaling complex that promotes cell growth and proliferation. TSC1/2 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and the subsequent complete loss of TSC regulatory activity in null cells causes mTORC1 dysregulation and TSC-associated brain lesions or other tissue tumors. However, it is not clear whether TSC1/2 heterozygous brain cells are abnormal and contribute to TSC neuropathology. To investigate this issue, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from TSC patients and unaffected controls, and utilized these to obtain neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and differentiated neurons in vitro. These patient-derived TSC2 heterozygous NPCs were delayed in their ability to differentiate into neurons. Patient-derived progenitor cells also exhibited a modest activation of mTORC1 signaling downstream of TSC, and a marked attenuation of upstream PI3K/AKT signaling. We further show that pharmacologic AKT inhibition, but not mTORC1 inhibition, causes a neuronal differentiation delay, mimicking the patient phenotype. Together these data suggest that heterozygous TSC2 mutations disrupt neuronal development, potentially contributing to the disease neuropathology, and that this defect may result from dysregulated AKT signaling in neural progenitor cells.
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