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Differential expression of cell wall remodeling genes is part of the dynamic phase-specific transcriptional program of conidial germination of Trichoderma asperelloides

ABSTRACT: The nature of saprophytic and mycoparasitic hyphal growth of Trichoderma spp. has been studied extensively, yet information concerning conidial germination in this genus is lacking. Using near-synchronous germinating cultures of Trichoderma asperelloides, we followed the morphological progression from dormant conidia to initial polar growth, to germling formation and to evidence for first branching. We found that the stage-specific transcriptional profile of T. asperelloides is one of the most dynamic described to date; Transcript abundance of over 5000 genes, comprising approximately half of the annotated genome, was uniquely reduced in the transition from dormancy to polar growth, providing a potentially high degree of flexibility for germination on diverse substrates. Conversely, after the onset of germination, transcript abundance of approximately a quarter of the genome was exclusively elevated during transition from elongation to initial branching. Bayesian network analysis has identified several chitinases (including chi42) and glucanase-encoding genes as hallmarks of transcriptional hubs during germination. Furthermore, the fact that the expression of specific members of the chitin synthase and glucan elongase families was significantly increased during germination in the presence of Rhizoctonia solani, a known host of the mycoparasite, indicates that host recognition can occur during early stages of mycoprasite development.

ORGANISM(S): Trichoderma asperelloides

PROVIDER: GSE207066 | GEO | 2022/08/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Spermatophyte pollen tubes and root hairs have been used as single-cell-type model systems toward understanding the molecular processes underlying polar growth of plant cells. Horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) is a perennial herb species in Equisetopsida, which creates separately growing spring and summer stems in its life cycle. The mature chlorophyllous spores produced from spring stems can germinate without dormancy. Here we report the cellular features and protein expression patterns in five stages of horsetail spore germination (mature spores, rehydrated spores, double-celled spores, germinated spores, and spores with protonemal cells). Using 2-DE combined with mass spectrometry, 80 proteins were found to be differentially expressed upon spore germination. Among them, proteins involved in photosynthesis, protein turnover, and energy supply were over-represented. Thirteen proteins appeared as isoforms on the gels, indicating the potential importance of post-translational modification. In addition, the dynamic changes of ascorbate peroxidase, peroxiredoxin, and dehydroascorbate reductase implied that reactive oxygen species homeostasis is critical in regulating cell division and tip-growth. The time course of germination and diverse expression patterns of proteins in photosynthesis, energy supply, lipid and amino acid metabolism indicated that heterotrophic and autotrophic metabolism were necessary in light-dependent germination of the spores. Twenty-six proteins were involved in protein synthesis, folding, and degradation, indicating that protein turnover is vital to spore germination and rhizoid tip-growth. Furthermore, the altered abundance of small G protein Ran1, 14-3-3 protein, actin, and Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase revealed that signaling transduction, vesicle trafficking, cytoskeleton dynamics, and cell wall modulation were critical to cell division and polar growth. These findings provide up-to-date evidences for understanding fern spore asymmetric division and rhizoid polar growth.

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Differential expression of cell wall remodeling genes is part of the dynamic phase-specific transcriptional program of conidial germination of Trichoderma asperelloides

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