Two-Stage CAR T-Cell Differentiation in Patients with Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE207192 | GEO | 2025/04/03
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Engineered cellular therapy with CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) has revolutionized outcomes for patients with relapsed/refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma (LBCL), but the cellular and molecular features associated with response remain largely unresolved. We analyzed serial peripheral blood samples ranging from day of apheresis (day -28/baseline) to 28 days after CAR-T infusion from 50 patients with LBCL treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) by integrating single cell RNA and TCR sequencing (scRNA-seq/scTCR-seq), flow cytometry, and mass cytometry (CyTOF) to characterize features associated with response to CAR-T. Pretreatment patient characteristics associated with response included presence of B cells and increased lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (ALC/AMC). Infusion products from responders were enriched for clonally expanded, highly activated CD8+ T cells. We expanded these observations to 99 patients from the ZUMA-1 cohort and identified a subset of patients with elevated baseline B cells, 80% of whom were complete responders. We integrated B cell proportion and ALC/AMC into a two-factor predictive model and applied this model to the ZUMA-1 cohort. Estimated progression free survival (PFS) at 1 year in patients meeting one or both criteria was 65% versus 31% for patients meeting neither criterion. Our results suggest that patients’ immunologic state at baseline affects likelihood of response to CAR-T through both modulation of the T cell apheresis product composition and promoting a more favorable circulating immune compartment prior to therapy. These baseline immunologic features, measured readily in the clinical setting prior to CAR-T, can be applied to predict response to therapy.
2024-08-12 | GSE273170 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: To compare cell states amoung three populations of interest among circulating CAR T cells in patients with lymphoma. Methods: Nine patients with large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) were treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), a commercial CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy. On day 7, fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with an antibody panel for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), a panel for cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq), and a viability dye. Single live CAR+ T cells were sorted from each patient, counted, processed for 5' single-cell RNA-sequencing with feature barcoding and TCR clonotype analysis on the 10X Genomics platform, and sequenced by the Stanford Genomics Facility (HighSeq 4000) or Novogene (NovaSeq 6000). Results: We found that circulating CD4+ and CD8+ CAR T cells that express CD57 and T-bet are clonally expanded and display features of effector T cells. In contrast, CD4+ CD57- CAR T cells that express Helios expand polyclonally and display features of T regulatory cells. Conclusions: This study provides insights into cell states of circulating CAR T cells on day 7 that associate with clinical response or toxicity in LBCL patients treated with axi-cel.
2022-07-28 | GSE168940 | GEO
Project description:Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy approved for treatment of relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), has comparable efficacy across conventional LBCL markers. We analysed whether pre- and posttreatment tumour immune contexture determines clinical outcomes for axi cel–treated patients in the ZUMA-1 pivotal study. Longitudinal evaluation of the tumour microenvironment (TME) uncovered dynamic patterns that occurred rapidly after axi-cel (within 2 weeks) in responders—pronounced enhancement of T- and myeloid cell signatures and diminution of B cell signature. Clinical response and overall survival associated with high CD8+ T-cell density (Immunoscore) and immune gene expression (Immunosign21) in TME pretreatment, which was paralleled by blood CAR T-cell levels posttreatment. High density of regulatory T cells in TME pretreatment associated with reduced axi-cel–related neurologic toxicity. At relapse, the TME evolved toward an immune-detrimental contexture with decreased T-cell–related and increased counterregulatory immune signatures and B cell lineage antigens. A TME rich in T-cell attractive chemokines (CCL5, CCL22), gamma-chain receptor cytokines (IL-15, IL-7, IL-21), and interferon regulated molecules associated with T-cell infiltration and markers of activity, a result validated in 2 independent datasets totalling ≈300 LBCL samples. These findings advance mechanistic understanding of CAR T-cell therapy and foster biomarker development and treatment optimizations.
2022-09-23 | GSE197977 | GEO
Project description:CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells can induce durable remissions in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphomas (R/R LBCL), but 60% of patients still relapse. Biological mechanisms explaining lack of disease-response are largely unknown. To identify mechanisms of response and survival before CAR T manufacturing in 95 R/R LBCL receiving tisagenlecleucel or axicabtagene ciloleucel, we performed phenotypic, transcriptomic and functional evaluations of leukapheresis products (LK). Transcriptomic profiling of T cells in LK, revealed a signature composed of 4 myeloid genes able to identify patients with very short progression-free survival, highlighting the role of monocytes in CAR T therapy response. Accordingly, response and survival were negatively influenced by high circulating absolute monocyte counts at the time of leukapheresis, and the combined evaluation of peripheral blood monocytes and the four-gene signature in LK, identifies LBCL patients at very high risk of progression after CAR T.
2024-04-24 | GSE243973 | GEO
Project description:Chimeric antigen receptor–T (CAR-T) cell therapies can eliminate relapsed and refractory tumors, but the durability of antitumor activity requires in vivo persistence. Differential signaling through the CAR costimulatory domain can alter the T cell metabolism, memory differentiation, and influence long-term persistence. CAR-T cells costimulated with 4-1BB or ICOS persist in xenograft models but those constructed with CD28 exhibit rapid clearance. Here, we show that a single amino acid residue in CD28 drove T cell exhaustion and hindered the persistence of CD28-based CAR-T cells and changing this asparagine to phenylalanine (CD28-YMFM) promoted durable antitumor control. In addition, CD28-YMFM CAR-T cells exhibited reduced T cell differentiation and exhaustion as well as increased skewing toward Th17 cells. Reciprocal modification of ICOS-containing CAR-T cells abolished in vivo persistence and antitumor activity. This finding suggests modifications to the costimulatory domains of CAR-T cells can enable longer persistence and thereby improve antitumor response.
2020-02-11 | GSE145007 | GEO
Project description:We present a resource of scRNA-seq and scTCR-seq data from the infusion products of 59 patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma (rrLBCL) treated with standard-of-care axicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-cel), that we have made publicly available to facilitate ongoing and future discovery efforts that will improve patient outcomes.
2023-08-29 | GSE241783 | GEO
Project description:CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has transformed outcomes for patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), yet the mechanisms underlying durable remission remain incompletely understood. While CAR T-cell persistence is associated with response, long-term remission can occur despite rapid CAR T clearance, suggesting the involvement of additional immune mechanisms. To investigate the role of the native T-cell repertoire in shaping response durability, we performed single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing (scRNA-seq/scTCR-seq) on longitudinal peripheral blood samples from LBCL patients treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) in the ZUMA-1 trial. We compared immune landscapes and clonotypic dynamics among patients achieving durable remission (>1 year), those experiencing early relapse (<6 months), and those with refractory disease. Patients with long-term remission exhibited increased cytotoxic, proinflammatory, and proliferative native T-cell subsets, while early relapse was associated with immunoregulatory populations that may suppress T-cell activation. TCR profiling revealed robust clonotypic expansion of native cytotoxic T cells post-infusion in durable responders, with expansion patterns strongly predicting clinical outcomes. Notably, TCR screens did not identify known viral targets, suggesting tumor-specific immunity may mediate ongoing remission. These findings propose native T-cell clonotypic expansion as a key determinant of durable response to CAR T therapy and highlight its predictive potential for long-term clinical outcomes.
2025-03-04 | GSE290722 | GEO
Project description:The phase 3 ZUMA-7 trial in second-line large B-cell lymphoma demonstrated superiority of anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy (axicabtagene ciloleucel; axi-cel) over standard of care (SOC; salvage chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic transplantation). Here, we present a prespecified exploratory analysis examining the association between pretreatment tumor characteristics and the efficacy of axi-cel versus SOC. B-cell gene expression signature (GES) and CD19 expression significantly associated with improved event-free survival (EFS) for axi-cel (P=.0002 for B-cell GES; P=.0165 for CD19 expression) but not SOC (P=.9374 for B-cell GES; P=.5526 for CD19 expression). Axi-cel showed superior EFS over SOC irrespective of B-cell GES and CD19 expression (P=8.56e–9 for B-cell GES high; P=.0019 for B-cell GES low; P=3.85e–9 for CD19 gene high; P=.0017 for CD19 gene low). Low CD19 expression in malignant cells correlated with a tumor GES consisting of immune suppressive stromal and myeloid genes, highlighting the inter-relation between malignant cell features and immune contexture substantially impacting axi-cel outcomes. Tumor burden, lactate dehydrogenase, and cell-of-origin impacted SOC more than axi-cel outcomes. T-cell activation and B-cell GES, which are associated with improved axi-cel outcome, decreased with increasing lines of therapy. These data highlight differences in resistance mechanisms to axi-cel and SOC and support earlier intervention with axi-cel.
2024-02-26 | GSE248835 | GEO
Project description:In this data set we include expression data from human CD4+ T cells isolated on day 0, 6, 11 and 24 follow anti-CD3/anti-CD28 magnetic bead stimulation and chimeric antigen receptor transduction. 30 samples were submitted. Samples represented three biological replicates of normal donors transduced with various CARs. CARs used were a cMet 28z specific CAR comprised of the IgG4 hinge, CD28 transmembrane and CD28 and CD3zeta intracellular domains. A CD19 CD28 CAR was specific to CD19, and was comprised of a CD8a hinge, CD28 transmembrane and CD28 and CD3zeta intracellular domain. A third CAR, the CD19 BBz, was used that was specific to CD19 was comprised of a CD8a hinge, CD8a transmembrane and 4-1BB and CD3zeta intracellular domains. Expression data was analyzied on day 0, 6, 11 and 24.
2015-01-14 | E-GEOD-64914 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cancers coopt stress-response pathways to drive oncogenesis, dodge immune surveillance, and resist cytotoxic therapies. Several of these provide protection from ferroptosis, iron-mediated oxidative cell death. Here, we found dramatic sensitization to ferroptosis upon disruption of cap-dependent translation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Specifically, rocaglate inhibitors of the eIF4A1 RNA helicase synergized with pharmacologic ferroptosis inducers, driven by a collapse of glutathione production that protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from ferroptotic oxidation. These effects occur despite initial up-regulation of specific protective factors. We find lost translation of NRF2, oncogenic master regulator of antioxidant gene-expression, is a key consequence of eIF4A1 inhibition. In vivo, combination of the clinical rocaglate zotatifin with a pharmacologically optimized ferroptosis inducer eradicated DLBCL patient derived xenografts. Moreover, we found zotatifin pre-exposure sensitized DLBCL to CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-19) T cells. Translational disruption therefore provides new opportunities to leverage therapeutic impacts of ferroptosis inducers including cytotoxic immunotherapies.
2025-04-03 | PXD055896 | Pride