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STUB1 is an intracellular checkpoint for interferon gamma sensing

ABSTRACT: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) leads to durable and complete tumour regression in some patients but in others gives temporary, partial or no response. Accordingly, significant efforts are underway to identify tumour-intrinsic mechanisms underlying ICB resistance. Results from a published CRISPR screen in a mouse model suggested that targeting STUB1, an E3 ligase involved in protein homeostasis, may overcome ICB resistance but the molecular basis of this effect remains unclear. Herein, we report an under-appreciated role of STUB1 to dampen the interferon gamma (IFNg) response. Genetic deletion of STUB1 increased IFNGR1 abundance on the cell surface and thus enhanced the downstream IFNg response as showed by multiple approaches including Western blotting, flow cytometry, qPCR, phospho-STAT1 assay, immunopeptidomics, proteomics, and gene expression profiling. Human prostate and breast cancer cells with STUB1 deletion were also susceptible to cytokine-induced growth inhibition. Furthermore, blockade of STUB1 protein function recapitulated the STUB1-null phenotypes. Despite these encouraging in vitro data and positive implications from clinical datasets, we did not observe in vivo benefits of inactivating Stub1 in mouse syngeneic tumour models – with or without combination with anti-PD-1 therapy. However, our findings elucidate STUB1 as a barrier to IFNg sensing, prompting further investigations to assess if broader inactivation of human STUB1 in both tumors and immune cells could overcome ICB resistance.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE207208 | GEO | 2022/06/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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STUB1 is an intracellular checkpoint for interferon gamma sensing

Project description:Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) leads to durable and complete tumour regression in some patients but in others gives temporary, partial or no response. Accordingly, significant efforts are underway to identify tumour-intrinsic mechanisms underlying ICB resistance. Results from a published CRISPR screen in a mouse model suggested that targeting STUB1, an E3 ligase involved in protein homeostasis, may overcome ICB resistance but the molecular basis of this effect remains unclear. Herein, we report an under-appreciated role of STUB1 to dampen the interferon gamma (IFNg) response. Genetic deletion of STUB1 increased IFNGR1 abundance on the cell surface and thus enhanced the downstream IFNg response as showed by multiple approaches including Western blotting, flow cytometry, qPCR, phospho-STAT1 assay, immunopeptidomics, proteomics, and gene expression profiling. Human prostate and breast cancer cells with STUB1 deletion were also susceptible to cytokine-induced growth inhibition. Furthermore, blockade of STUB1 protein function recapitulated the STUB1-null phenotypes. Despite these encouraging in vitro data and positive implications from clinical datasets, we did not observe in vivo benefits of inactivating Stub1 in mouse syngeneic tumour models - with or without combination with anti-PD-1 therapy. However, our findings elucidate STUB1 as a barrier to IFNg sensing, prompting further investigations to assess if broader inactivation of human STUB1 in both tumors and immune cells could overcome ICB resistance.

2022-08-18 | PXD035392 | Pride

UBIQUITIN LIGASE STUB1 DESTABILIZES IFNγ-RECEPTOR COMPLEX TO SUPPRESS TUMOR IFNγ SIGNALING

Project description:The cytokine IFNγ differentially impacts on tumors upon immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Despite our understanding of downstream signaling events, less is known about 36 regulation of its receptor (IFNγ-R1). With an unbiased genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen for critical regulators of IFNγ-R1 cell surface abundance, we identified STUB1 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for IFNγ-R1 in complex with its signal-relaying kinase JAK1. STUB1 mediates ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of IFNγ-R1/JAK1 complex through IFNγ-R1K285 and JAK1K249. Conversely, STUB1 inactivation amplifies IFNγ signaling, sensitizing tumor cells to cytotoxic T cells in vitro. This was corroborated by an anticorrelation between STUB1 expression and IFNγ response in ICB-treated patients. Consistent with the context-dependent effects of IFNγ in vivo, anti-PD-1 response was increased in heterogenous tumors comprising both wildtype and STUB1-deficient cells but not full STUB1 knockout tumors. These results uncover STUB1 as a critical regulator of IFNγ-R1, and highlight the context-dependency of STUB1-regulated IFNγ signaling for ICB outcome.

2022-03-07 | PXD030580 | Pride

STUB1 dampens IFNγ response in tumors by destabilizing the IFNγ receptor complex

Project description:Despite its success, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) cannot induce durable responses in most patients. This is partially attributed to reduced sensitivity to interferon gamma (IFNγ). Thus, elevating tumor IFNγ-receptor 1 (IFNγ-R1) expression to enhance IFNγ-mediated cytotoxicity is of clinical interest. Here, we demonstrate higher IFNγ-R1 expression to sensitize tumors to IFNγ-mediated killing. To unveil the largely undefined mechanisms of IFNγ-R1 expression, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen for suppressors of IFNγ-R1 tumor cell surface abundance. We uncovered STUB1 as key mediator for proteasomally degrading IFNγ-R1/JAK1 complex. Conversely, STUB1 inactivation in tumor cells amplified IFNγ signaling and sensitized to cytotoxic T cells, but permitted IFNγ-induced PD-L1 expression. Rationally combining STUB1 inactivation with anti-PD-1 treatment effectively eliminated tumors in vivo. Clinically corroborating this is a STUB1 transcriptomic signature that associates with response to anti-PD-1 treatment in two patient cohorts. Thus, uncovering STUB1 as a pivotal regulator of IFNγ signaling and a synergistic target for anti-PD-1 treatment.

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Project description:Constitutively active androgen receptor (AR) signaling confers resistance to AR-targeted therapies. Here we show that the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway plays a critical role in the degradation of AR and its variants, particularly variant 7 (AR-V7). AR/AR-V7 proteinhomeostasis (proteostasis) requires interaction of the E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1 and HSP70complex. STUB1 disassociates AR/AR-V7 from HSP70, leading to AR/AR-V7 ubiquitination and degradation. Inhibition of HSP70 reduces AR/AR-V7 expression which significantly inhibits prostate tumor growth and improves enzalutamide/abiraterone treatments. Clinically, HSP70 expression is upregulated and correlated with AR/AR-V7 levels in high Gleason scores prostate tumors. Our results reveal a novel mechanism of AR-V7 modulation via proteostasis which could be targeted to reduce AR-V7 expression and overcome resistance to AR-targeted therapies.

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Proteostasis by STUB1/HSP70 complex controls sensitivity to androgen receptor targeted therapy in advanced prostate cancer (RNA-Seq)

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Stub1 acetylation by CBP/p300 attenuates chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by suppressing HIF-2α transcriptional activity

Project description:Chronic hypoxia induces pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension (PH). While it is established that transcription factors, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α/HIF-2α) activate gene programs that drive hypoxia-induced PH, the mechanism of HIF-1/2 activation is less clear. Here, we report that carboxylterminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP or Stub1) modulates HIF-1α and HIF-2α transcription rather than reducing their stability. Knocking-down Stub1 reduced hypoxic activation of HIF-1α mRNA, protein, and activity while enhancing hypoxic induction of HIF-2α mRNA, protein, and target genes in pulmonary vascular cells. Mechanistically, CBP/p300-mediated acetylation of lysine (K287) inactivates the ubiquitin ligase activity of Stub1 and triggers its translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. There, it recognizes the HIF promoter and hypoxia response elements (HREs) in target genes. Expression of Stub1-K287Q mutant (mimicking acetylation) enhanced hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression, while acetyl-deficient Stub1-K287R mutant had the opposite effect on HIF-α but enhanced hypoxia-induced HIF-2α transcriptional activity. Endothelial-Stub1 transgenic mice tolerated chronic hypoxia better, had less pulmonary vascular remodeling, reduced pulmonary vascular resistance, and greater cardioprotection. Thus, Stub1 nuclear translocation enhances hypoxic induction of HIF-1α activity while suppressing deleterious effects of HIF-2α. These observations indicate that nuclear-Stub1 synergizes with HIF-1α to promote transcriptional responses and antagonizes HIF2α-driven PH in chronic hypoxia.

2023-04-01 | GSE221264 | GEO

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Glycosphingolipid synthesis mediates immune evasion in Kras-driven cancer

Project description:Cancer cells frequently alter their lipids to grow and adapt to their environment1–3. Despite the critical functions of lipid metabolism in membrane physiology, signaling, and energy production, how specific lipids contribute to tumorigenesis is incompletely understood. Here, using functional genomics and lipidomic approaches, we identified de novo sphingolipid synthesis as an essential pathway for cancer immune evasion. Synthesis of sphingolipids is surprisingly dispensable for cancer cell proliferation in culture or in immunodeficient mice but required for tumor growth in multiple syngeneic models. Blocking sphingolipid production in cancer cells enhances the anti-proliferative effects of natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells partly via interferon gamma (IFNg) signaling. Mechanistically, depletion of glycosphingolipids increases surface levels of IFNg receptor subunit 1 (Ifngr1), mediating IFNg-induced growth arrest and proinflammatory signaling. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis synergizes with checkpoint blockade therapy to enhance anti-tumor immune response. Altogether, our work identifies glycosphingolipids as necessary and limiting metabolites for cancer immune evasion.

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