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Multi-scale epigenomic priming of inflammatory genes enables rapid recall in human memory T helper cells [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Memory T cells provide long-lasting defense responses through their ability to rapidly reactivate. How memory T cells efficiently ‘recall’ an inflammatory transcriptional program remains unclear. Here, we show that primary human CD4+ memory T helper (Th) cells carry three distinct activation-inducible recall gene modules that drive metabolic adaptation, T cell activation and inflammatory cytokine production. Enhancer elements controlling recall genes were epigenetically primed through the local maintenance of transcription-permissive chromatin in resting memory Th cells. At the three-dimensional level, recall genes clustered in transcriptionally permissive subnuclear compartments and resided in topologically associating domains (‘memory TADs’), in which activation-associated promoter-enhancer interactions were pre-formed. This primed epigenomic landscape was exploited by AP-1 transcription factors - including MAF - to promote rapid transcriptional activation. Finally, recall genes and their enhancers were linked to memory Th cell dysfunction in chronic inflammatory disease. Together, our results implicate multi-scale epigenomic priming - comprising a specialized three-dimensional chromatin organization - as a key mechanism underlying immunological memory.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE210958 | GEO | 2023/08/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Multi-scale epigenomic priming of inflammatory genes enables rapid recall in human memory T helper cells [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Memory T cells provide long-lasting defense responses through their ability to rapidly reactivate. How memory T cells efficiently ‘recall’ an inflammatory transcriptional program remains unclear. Here, we show that primary human CD4+ memory T helper (Th) cells carry three distinct activation-inducible recall gene modules that drive metabolic adaptation, T cell activation and inflammatory cytokine production. Enhancer elements controlling recall genes were epigenetically primed through the local maintenance of transcription-permissive chromatin in resting memory Th cells. At the three-dimensional level, recall genes clustered in transcriptionally permissive subnuclear compartments and resided in topologically associating domains (‘memory TADs’), in which activation-associated promoter-enhancer interactions were pre-formed. This primed epigenomic landscape was exploited by AP-1 transcription factors - including MAF - to promote rapid transcriptional activation. Finally, recall genes and their enhancers were linked to memory Th cell dysfunction in chronic inflammatory disease. Together, our results implicate multi-scale epigenomic priming - comprising a specialized three-dimensional chromatin organization - as a key mechanism underlying immunological memory.

2023-08-08 | GSE211023 | GEO

B Cells Polarize Pathogenic Inflammatory T Helper Subsets through ICOSL-Dependent Glycolysis

Project description:B cells constitute abundant cellular components in inflamed human tissues, but their role in pathogenesis of inflammatory T helper (Th) subsets is still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that B cells, particularly resting naïve B cells, have a previously unrecognized helper function that is involved in shaping the metabolic process and subsequent inflammatory differentiation of T-cell-receptor-primed Th cells. ICOS/ICOSL axis-mediated glucose incorporation and utilization were crucial for inflammatory Th subset induction by B cells, and activation of mTOR was critical for T cell glycolysis in this process. Consistently, upon encountering ICOSL+ B cells, activated effector memory Th cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus spontaneously differentiated into inflammatory Th subsets. Immunotherapy using an anti-CD20 antibody that specifically depleted B cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis efficiently abrogated the capabilities of memory Th cells to incorporate and utilize glucose, thereby impairing the pathogenic differentiation of inflammatory Th subsets. To examine the metabolic process of Th cells after interacting with autologous B cells, we applied RNA-sequencing to analyze their transcriptional profiles.

2022-06-30 | GSE144339 | GEO

Establishment, Maintenance and Recall of Inflammatory Memory

Project description:Establishment, Maintenance and Recall of Inflammatory Memory

| PRJNA720147 | ENA

Establishment, Maintenance and Recall of Inflammatory Memory

Project description:Known for nearly a century, but through mechanisms that remain elusive, cells retain a memory of inflammation that equips them to react quickly and broadly to diverse secondary stimuli. Using mouse epidermal stem cells as a model, we elucidate how cells establish, maintain and recall inflammatory memory. Specifically, we landscape and functionally interrogate temporal, dynamic changes to chromatin accessibility, histone modifications and transcription factor binding that occur during inflammation, post-resolution and in memory recall following injury. We unearth an essential, unifying role for the general stress-responsive transcription factor FOS, which partners with JUN and cooperates with stimulus-specific STAT3 to establish memory; JUN then remains with other homeostatic factors on memory domains, facilitating rapid FOS re-recruitment and gene re-activation upon diverse secondary challenges. Extending our findings, we offer a comprehensive, potentially universal mechanism behind inflammatory memory and less discriminate recall, phenomena with profound implications for tissue fitness in health and disease.

2021-07-27 | GSE171596 | GEO

Transcription profiling of human T cells to determine the strength of T cell stimulation

Project description:The strength of T cell stimulation determines IL-7 responsiveness, recall potential and lineage commitment of primed human CD4+IL-7Rhi T cells; We analyzed how the strength of antigenic stimulation - as determined by dendritic cell (DC) number, DC maturation state and antigen concentration - controls in human CD4+ T cells IL-7R? expression and responsiveness to IL-7, IL-15 and antigen. We found that T cells primed by different strengths of stimulation expressed IL-7R? in different proportions and preferentially on cells that maintained expression of the central memory marker CCR7. However, while CCR7+IL-7Rhi cells generated at high strength of stimulation proliferated vigorously in response to IL-7 or IL-15, CCR7+IL-7Rhi cells generated at low strength of stimulation responded poorly. High cytokine responsiveness was associated with reduced PTEN expression and enhanced s6-kinase activation, consistent with efficient receptor coupling to downstream signalling pathways. Interestingly, while intermediate-stimulated CCR7+IL-7Rhi cells were non-polarized, self-renewed with IL-7 and expanded with antigen, high-stimulated cells generated Th1 effector cells with cytokines but showed impaired IL-2 production and survival with antigen. Gene expression analysis suggested that high-stimulated cells represented pre-Th1 cells with low recall potential and high metabolic state. Taken together these results demonstrate that IL-7 receptor expression and coupling are instructed in T cells by the strength of stimulation and suggest that memory subsets may derive from CCR7+IL-7Rhi precursors that received different strengths of stimulation. Experiment Overall Design: two samples treated with weaker dendritic stimulus, two samples treated with stonger dendritic stimulus.

2008-06-14 | E-GEOD-6566 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Learning-Associated Astrocyte Ensembles Regulate Memory Recall

Project description:The physical manifestations of memory formation and recall are fundamental questions that remain unresolved. At the cellular level, ensembles of neurons called engrams are activated by learning events and control memory recall. Astrocytes are in close proximity to neurons and engage in a range of activities that support neurotransmission and circuit plasticity. Moreover, astrocytes exhibit experience dependent plasticity; however whether specific ensembles of astrocytes participate in memory recall remains obscure. Here we show that learning events induce c-Fos expression in a subset of hippocampal astrocytes, which subsequently regulates hippocampal circuit function. Intersectional, c-Fos based labeling of these astrocyte ensembles after learning events reveals that they are closely affiliated with engram neurons, while re-activation of these astrocyte ensembles stimulates memory recall. At the molecular level, these astrocyte ensembles exhibit elevated expression of NFIA and its selective deletion from this population suppresses memory recall. Together, our studies identify learning-associated astrocyte ensembles as a new form of plasticity that is sufficient to provoke memory recall, while implicating astrocytes as a reservoir for the storage of memories.

2024-06-30 | GSE254016 | GEO

Epigenetic regulation of innate immune memory in microglia

Project description:Microglia are the tissue-resident macrophages of the CNS. They originate in the yolk sac, colonize the CNS during embryonic development and form a self-sustaining population with limited turnover. A consequence of their relative slow turnover is that microglia can serve as a long-term memory for inflammatory or neurodegenerative events. We characterized the epigenomes and transcriptomes of microglia exposed to different stimuli; an endotoxin challenge (LPS) and genotoxic stress (DNA repair deficiency-induced accelerated aging). Whereas the enrichment of permissive epigenetic marks at enhancer regions explains training (hyperresponsiveness) of primed microglia to LPS challenge, the tolerized response of microglia seems to be regulated by loss of permissive epigenetic marks. Here, we identify that inflammatory stimuli and accelerated aging because of genotoxic stress activate distinct gene networks. These gene networks and associated biological processes are partially overlapping, which is likely driven by specific transcription factor networks, resulting in altered epigenetic signatures and distinct functional (desensitized vs. primed) microglia phenotypes.

2022-05-18 | GSE175578 | GEO

IL-9 is required for multi-cytokine producing tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cell-dependent allergic airway recall responses

Project description:Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease with intermittent flares predominately mediated through memory T cells. Yet, the identity of long-term memory cells that mediate allergic recall responses are not well defined. In this report, using a mouse model of chronic allergen exposure followed by an allergen-free rest period, we have characterized a sub-population of Th2 cells that secretes IL-9 as an obligate effector cytokine. IL-9-secreting cells have a resident memory T cell phenotype and blocking IL-9 during a recall challenge significantly diminishes airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. T cells secrete IL-9 in response to allergen recall and secretion is amplified by IL-33. Using scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq, we define the cellular identity of a distinct populations of T cells with pro-allergic cytokine patterns. Thus, in a recall model of allergic airway inflammation, IL-9 secretion from a multi-cytokine producing cell population is required for an allergen recall response.

2022-01-31 | GSE190795 | GEO

Autoregulation of Th1-mediated inflammation by twist1 2nd part

Project description:Gene expression profiling of repeatedly activated compared to recently activated Th1 cells to identify genes that play a role in chronic inflammatory disorders and may qualify as diagnostic or therapeutic targets; Upon activation under appropriate costimulatory conditions, naive T helper (Th) cells differentiate into Th2 or Th17 cells, each characterized by the expression of specific effector cytokines. In response to a repeated stimulation with antigen, Th cells develop a stable memory for the expression of those cytokines as well as for other secreted or membrane-associated factors. The stable memory for the expression of proinflammatory effector functions may explain the resistance of Th effector cells to conventional immunosuppressive therapy, and the inability of immunosuppression to cure chronic inflammation. The imprinting of the functional memory is based on epigenetic modifications and expression of distinct transcription factors. In this project, we compare the transcriptomes of once and repeatedly activated murine Th1 cells, to identify genes that induce and maintain the functional memory and control the persistence of pathogenic memory Th1 cells. This in turn might help to discriminate pathogenic versus protective cells in immunopathology and present novel targets for the diagnosis and therapy of chronic inflammatory disease.

2008-05-24 | GSE11534 | GEO

Rapid Recall Ability of Memory T cells is Encoded in their Epigenome

Project description:Even though T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation together with co-stimulation is sufficient for the activation of both naïve and memory T cells, the memory cells are capable of producing lineage specific cytokines much more rapidly than the naïve cells. The mechanisms behind this rapid recall response of the memory cells are still not completely understood. Here, we performed epigenetic profiling of human resting naïve, central and effector memory T cells using ChIP-Seq and found that unlike the naïve cells, the regulatory elements of the cytokine genes in the memory T cells are marked by activating histone modifications even in the resting state. Therefore, the ability to induce expression of rapid recall genes upon activation is associated with the deposition of positive histone modifications during memory T cell differentiation. We propose a model of T cell memory, in which immunological memory state is encoded epigenetically, through poising and transcriptional memory.

2017-01-10 | GSE89404 | GEO

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