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Fetal hypoplastic lungs have multilineage inflammation that is reversed by amniotic fluid stem cell extracellular vesicle treatment

ABSTRACT: We performed single nucleus RNA-seq on rat fetal lungs from: control (normal), hypoplastic (injury), and hypoplastic+ amniotic fluid stem cell extracellular vesicles treated (injury+treatment).

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE211914 | GEO | 2024/08/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Intra-amniotic infection, the invasion of microbes into the amniotic cavity resulting in an inflammatory process, is a clinical condition that can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes for the mother and fetus as well as severe long-term neonatal morbidities. Despite much research focused on the consequences of intra-amniotic infection, there is still little knowledge about the functional roles of innate immune cells that respond to invading microbes. In the current study, we performed RNA sequencing of sorted neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages from amniotic fluid from women with intra-amniotic infection to determine the transcriptomic differences between these innate immune cells. Further, we sought to identify specific transcriptomic pathways that were significantly altered by the maternal or fetal origin of amniotic fluid neutrophils and monocytes, the presence of a severe fetal inflammatory response, and pregnancy outcome (i.e. preterm or term delivery). We showed that significant transcriptomic differences exist between amniotic fluid neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages from women with intra-amniotic infection that are indicative of the distinct roles these cells play. We also found that amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages of fetal origin display impaired ability to clear out microbes invading the amniotic cavity compared to those of maternal origin. Notably, we demonstrate that the transcriptomic changes in amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages are heavily associated with the severity of the fetal inflammatory response, suggesting that the trafficking of fetal neutrophils throughout the umbilical cord is partially modulated by monocytes/macrophages in the amniotic cavity. Finally, we show that amniotic fluid neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages from preterm deliveries display enhanced transcriptomic activity compared to those from term deliveries, highlighting the protective role of these innate immune cells in this vulnerable period. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the underlying complexity of local innate immune responses in women with intra-amniotic infection, and provide new insights into the functions of amniotic fluid neutrophils and monocytes in the amniotic cavity.

Project description:Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is a common intrauterine infection, leading to neurodevelopmental disabilities. Early prognostic assessment of the severity of cCMV has remained an ongoing challenge. We aimed to identify amniotic fluid biomarkers of the severity of cCMV-related fetal brain injury. Methods: Global proteome analysis was performed in mid-gestation amniotic fluid samples, comparing fetuses with severe cCMV to asymptomatic CMV-infected fetuses (the discovery cohort). The levels of selected differentially-excreted proteins were further determined by specific immunoassays, and evaluated in an independent validation cohort, including clinically-blinded amniotic fluid of CMV-infected fetuses from unrelated centers. Findings: Proteome analysis identified 29 amniotic fluid proteins with distinct abundance in fetuses with severe-, compared to asymptomatic, cCMV. Pathway analysis of the differentially-excreted proteins revealed enriched pathways of inflammatory response, cellular compromise, immunological disease, organismal injury, and neurological disease, underlining a link between excessive inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface and the development of cCMV-related fetal brain damage. Importantly, the levels of two of these proteins, chemerin and galectin-3-binding protein (Gal-3BP), selected for validation, demonstrated 88.2% sensitivity (each), 100-96.2% specificity, 100-93.8% positive predictive value, and 92.9-92.6% negative predictive value, with 0.98-0.97 area under the curve (for chemerin - Gal-3BP, respectively) in differentiating 17 fetuses with severe cCMV from 26 asymptomatic CMV-infected fetuses. Interpretation: These results identify the immunomodulatory proteins chemerin and Gal-3BP as new highly predictive amniotic fluid biomarkers of cCMV severity, which could guide early prognostic stratification and potential personalized treatment of cCMV-infected fetuses. Funding: Israel Science Foundation; Research Fund of the Hadassah Medical Organization

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Fetal hypoplastic lungs have multilineage inflammation that is reversed by amniotic fluid stem cell extracellular vesicle treatment

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