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HOT3/eIF5B1 confers Kozak motif-dependent translational control of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes for chloroplast biogenesis

ABSTRACT: Photosynthesis requires chloroplasts, where most proteins are nucleus-encoded and produced via cytoplasmic translation. The translation initiation factor eIF5B gates the transition from initiation (I) to elongation (E), and the Kozak motif is associated with translation efficiency, but their relationship is previously unknown. Here, with ribosome profiling, we determined the genome-wide I-E transition efficiencies. We discovered that the most prevalent Kozak motif is associated with high I-E transition efficiency in Arabidopsis, rice, and wheat, thus implicating the Kozak motif in facilitating the I-E transition. Indeed, the effects of most Kozak motifs, including the most effective ones, depend on HOT3/eIF5B1 in Arabidopsis. HOT3 preferentially promotes the translation of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes in a Kozak motif-dependent manner, which explains the chloroplast defects of hot3 mutants. Our study reveals an evolutionarily-conserved link between the Kozak motif and eIF5B-mediated translational I-E efficiency and elucidates a HOT3-mediated translational control of nuclear photosynthesis genes for chloroplast biogenesis.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE212856 | GEO | 2024/10/03

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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HOT3/eIF5B1 confers Kozak motif-dependent translational control of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes for chloroplast biogenesis

Project description:Photosynthesis requires chloroplasts, where most proteins are nucleus-encoded and produced via cytoplasmic translation. The translation initiation factor eIF5B gates the transition from initiation (I) to elongation (E), and the Kozak motif is associated with translation efficiency, but their relationship is previously unknown. Here, with ribosome profiling, we determined the genome-wide I-E transition efficiencies. We discovered that the most prevalent Kozak motif is associated with high I-E transition efficiency in Arabidopsis, rice, and wheat, thus implicating the Kozak motif in facilitating the I-E transition. Indeed, the effects of most Kozak motifs, including the most effective ones, depend on HOT3/eIF5B1 in Arabidopsis. HOT3 preferentially promotes the translation of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes in a Kozak motif-dependent manner, which explains the chloroplast defects of hot3 mutants. Our study reveals an evolutionarily-conserved link between the Kozak motif and eIF5B-mediated translational I-E efficiency and elucidates a HOT3-mediated translational control of nuclear photosynthesis genes for chloroplast biogenesis.

2024-10-03 | GSE212855 | GEO

HOT3/eIF5B1 confers Kozak motif-dependent translational control of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes for chloroplast biogenesis

Project description:HOT3/eIF5B1 confers Kozak motif-dependent translational control of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes for chloroplast biogenesis

| PRJNA877653 | ENA

HOT3/eIF5B1 confers Kozak motif-dependent translational control of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes for chloroplast biogenesis

Project description:HOT3/eIF5B1 confers Kozak motif-dependent translational control of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes for chloroplast biogenesis

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HOT3/eIF5B1 confers Kozak motif-dependent translational control of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes for chloroplast biogenesis

Project description:HOT3/eIF5B1 confers Kozak motif-dependent translational control of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes for chloroplast biogenesis

| PRJNA877655 | ENA

Arabidopsis HOT3/eIF5B1 constrains rRNA RNAi by facilitating 18S rRNA maturation during translation initiation (18S END-Seq)

Project description:Ribosome biogenesis is essential for protein synthesis in gene expression. Yeast eIF5B has been shown biochemically to facilitate 18S rRNA 3’ end maturation during late-40S ribosomal subunit assembly and gate the transition from translation initiation to elongation. But the effects of eIF5B have not been studied at the genome-wide level in any organism, and 18S rRNA 3’ end maturation is poorly understood in plants. Arabidopsis HOT3/eIF5B1 was found to promote development and heat-stress acclimation by translational regulation, but its molecular function remained unknown. Here, we show that HOT3 is a late-stage ribosome biogenesis factor that facilitates 18S rRNA 3’ end processing and is a translation initiation factor that globally impacts the transition from initiation to elongation. By developing and implementing 18S-ENDseq, we revealed previously unknown events in 18S rRNA 3’ end maturation or metabolism. We quantitatively defined new processing hotspots and identified adenylation as the prevalent non-templated RNA modification at the 3’ ends of pre-18S rRNAs. Aberrant 18S rRNA maturation in hot3 further activated RNAi to generate RDR1- and DCL2/4-dependent risiRNAs mainly from a 3’ portion of 18S rRNA. We further showed that risiRNAs in hot3 were predominantly localized in ribosome-free fractions not responsible for the 18S rRNA maturation or translation initiation defects in hot3. Our study uncovered the molecular function of HOT3/eIF5B1 in 18S rRNA maturation at the late-40S assembly stage and revealed the regulatory crosstalk among ribosome biogenesis, mRNA translation initiation, and siRNA biogenesis in plants.

2023-04-19 | GSE223167 | GEO

Arabidopsis HOT3/eIF5B1 constrains rRNA RNAi by facilitating 18S rRNA maturation during translation initiation (miRNA-Seq)

2023-04-19 | GSE223171 | GEO

Arabidopsis HOT3/eIF5B1 constrains rRNA RNAi by facilitating 18S rRNA maturation during translation initiation (RNA-Seq)

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Arabidopsis HOT3/eIF5B1 constrains rRNA RNAi by facilitating 18S rRNA maturation during translation initiation (Ribo-Seq)

2023-04-19 | GSE223168 | GEO

Analysis of Kozak sequences variants of haploinsufficient genes

Project description:We conceived that the availability of base editors and the possible presence of suboptimal Kozak sequences in the human genome could provide an elegant approach to modulate translational efficiency for the molecular compensation of some haploinsufficient disorders. Moreover, such an approach would be independent of the type of alteration inactivating the defective allele and, therefore, highly suitable for gene therapy protocols. To find base conversions upregulating translational efficiency, we systematically screened 5261 (4621 unique) variants of Kozak sequences for translational strength. We designed these variants in the main AUG context of 230 previously annotated haploinsufficient genes. Analysis of our library of Kozak variants, bearing the conversions that base editors can reproduce, proved that weak Kozak sequences are present at about a 20% frequency in our gene sample. We validated the variants of five genes and base edited one of them in a cell model, providing proof of principle of the approach, which we called BOOST (Base editing cOrrection of haplOinSufficiency by Translational enhancement).

2022-09-13 | GSE210035 | GEO

Rps26 directs mRNA-specific translation by recognition of Kozak sequence elements

Project description:The “Kozak sequence”, immediately upstream of the start codon, regulates the translational efficiency of an mRNA. Nevertheless, how this sequence is recognized remains unexplored. Here, we describe a novel approach to separate two ribosome populations from the same cells and use this method, and RNA-seq, to identify the mRNAs bound to ribosomes with and without Rps26, a protein linked to the pathogenesis of Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA). These analyses reveal that Rps26 contributes to recognition of the Kozak sequence in well-translated mRNAs, and that Rps26-deficient ribosomes preferentially translate mRNA from select stress response pathways. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that exposure of cells to these stresses leads to the formation of Rps26-deficient ribosomes and to the translation of their targets. Thus, Rps26-deficient ribosomes play aberrant pathogenic roles in DBA as well as physiological roles in augmenting the well-characterized stress transcriptional response with a heretofore unknown translational stress response, thereby creating a feed forward loop in gene-expression.

2017-07-30 | GSE86203 | GEO

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