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A chronic signaling TGFb zebrafish reporter identifies immune response in melanoma [ChIP-seq]

ABSTRACT: Developmental signaling pathways associated with growth factors such as TGFb are commonly dysregulated in melanoma. Here we identified a human TGFb enhancer that was specifically activated in melanoma cells treated with TGFB1 ligand. We generated stable transgenic zebrafish with this enhancer driving green fluorescent protein (TIE:EGFP). EGFP was not expressed in normal melanocytes or early melanomas but was expressed in spatially distinct regions of mature melanomas. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed that TIE:EGFP+ melanoma cells down-regulated interferon response, while up-regulating a novel set of chronic TGFb target genes. AP-1 factor binding is required for activation of this chronic TGFb reporter. Overexpression of the chromatin remodeler, SATB2, which is associated with tumor spreading shows activation of TGFb signaling in melanoma precursor zones and early melanomas. Confocal imaging and flow cytometric analysis showed that macrophages are recruited to EGFP positive regions and preferentially phagocytose TIE:EGFP+ cells. This work identifies a TGFb induced immune response and demonstrates the need for the development of chronic TGFb biomarkers to predict patient response to TGFb inhibitors.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE213326 | GEO | 2024/06/13

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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A chronic signaling TGFb zebrafish reporter identifies immune response in melanoma [SORT-seq]

Project description:Developmental signaling pathways associated with growth factors such as TGFb are commonly dysregulated in melanoma. Here we identified a human TGFb enhancer that was specifically activated in melanoma cells treated with TGFB1 ligand. We generated stable transgenic zebrafish with this enhancer driving green fluorescent protein (TIE:EGFP). EGFP was not expressed in normal melanocytes or early melanomas but was expressed in spatially distinct regions of mature melanomas. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed that TIE:EGFP+ melanoma cells down-regulated interferon response, while up-regulating a novel set of chronic TGFb target genes. AP-1 factor binding is required for activation of this chronic TGFb reporter. Overexpression of the chromatin remodeler, SATB2, which is associated with tumor spreading shows activation of TGFb signaling in melanoma precursor zones and early melanomas. Confocal imaging and flow cytometric analysis showed that macrophages are recruited to EGFP positive regions and preferentially phagocytose TIE:EGFP+ cells. This work identifies a TGFb induced immune response and demonstrates the need for the development of chronic TGFb biomarkers to predict patient response to TGFb inhibitors.

2024-06-13 | GSE213359 | GEO

A chronic signaling TGFb zebrafish reporter identifies immune response in melanoma [RNA-seq, ZMEL]

2024-06-13 | GSE213328 | GEO

A chronic signaling TGFb zebrafish reporter identifies immune response in melanoma [RNA-seq, A375]

2024-06-13 | GSE213327 | GEO

SATB2 induces transcriptional programs in melanoma that lead to metastatic behavior [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:We report the distribution of human SATB2 in a primary zebrafish melanoma that overexpresses human SATB2, and H3K27Ac histone marks in zebrafish melanomas overexpressing either EGFP (control) or human SATB2.

2021-02-08 | GSE77921 | GEO

SATB2 induces transcriptional programs in melanoma that lead to metastatic behavior [RNA-Seq]

Project description:We report gene expression data for zebrafish melanomas overexpressing human SATB2 and EGFP.

2021-02-08 | GSE77922 | GEO

Somatic Activation of KIT in Distinct Subtypes of Melanoma

Project description:Melanomas on mucosal membranes, acral skin (soles, palms, and nail bed), and skin with chronic sun-induced damage have infrequent mutations in BRAF and NRAS, genes within the mitogenactivated protein (MAP) kinase pathway commonly mutated in melanomas on intermittently sun-exposed skin. This raises the question of whether other aberrations are occurring in the MAP kinase cascade in the melanoma types with infrequent mutations of BRAF and NRAS. Oncogenic mutations in KIT were found in three of seven tumors with amplifications. Examination of all 102 primary melanomas found mutations and/or copy number increases of KIT in 39% ofmucosal, 36% of acral, and 28% of melanomas on chronically sun-damaged skin, but not in any (0%) melanomas on skin without chronic sun damage. Seventy-nine percent of tumors with mutations and 53% of tumors with multiple copies of KIT demonstrated increased KIT protein levels. KIT is an important oncogene in melanoma. Because the majority of the KIT mutations we found in melanoma also occur in imatinib-responsive cancers of other types, imatinib may offer an immediate therapeutic benefit for a significant proportion of the global melanoma burden. Keywords: melanoma, oncogene, comparative genomic hybridization, KIT

2006-09-09 | GSE4747 | GEO

VEGFR-1 expressed by malignant melanoma initiating cells is required for tumor growth

Project description:Melanoma growth is driven by malignant melanoma initiating cells (MMIC) identified by expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) member, ABCB5. ABCB5+ melanoma subpopulations have been shown to overexpress the vasculogenic differentiation markers CD144 (VE-cadherin) and TIE-1 and are associated with CD31-negative vasculogenic mimicry (VM), an established biomarker associated with increased patient mortality. Here we identify a critical role for VEGFR-1 signaling in ABCB5+ MMIC-dependent VM and tumor growth. Global gene expression analyses, validated by mRNA and protein determinations, revealed preferential expression of VEGFR-1 on ABCB5+ tumor cells purified from clinical melanomas and established melanoma lines. In vitro, VEGF induced in a VEGFR-1-dependent manner expression of CD144 in ABCB5+ subpopulations that constitutively expressed VEGFR-1, but not in ABCB5- bulk populations that were predominantly VEGFR-1-negative. In vivo, melanomaspecific shRNA-mediated knockdown of VEGFR-1 blocked the development of ABCB5+ VM morphology and inhibited ABCB5+ VM-associated production of the secreted melanoma mitogen, laminin. Moreover, melanoma-specific VEGFR-1 knockdown markedly inhibited tumor growth (by >90%). Our results demonstrate that VEGFR-1 function in MMIC regulates VM and associated laminin production, and show that this function represents one mechanism through which MMIC promote tumor growth. Microarray analyses were performed on purified ABCB5+ (n=5) and ABCB5- (n=5) cell subsets derived from the established human melanoma cell lines G3361 and A375 and from three distinct clinical melanoma specimen. Total RNA was extracted, processed and hybridized onto Affymetrix human HG-U133Plus2 GeneChip microarrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA).

2011-01-13 | E-GEOD-26569 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Comparative quantitative proteomic analysis of melanoma subtypes, nevus-associated melanoma, and corresponding nevi

Project description:A substantial part of cutaneous malignant melanomas develops from benign nevi. However, the precise molecular events driving the transformation from benign to malignant melanoma are not well understood. We used laser microdissection and mass spectrometry to analyze the proteomes of melanoma subtypes, including superficial spreading melanomas (SSM, n=17), nodular melanomas (NM, n=17), and acral melanomas (AM, n=15). Furthermore, we compared the proteomes of nevi cells and melanoma cells within the same specimens (nevus-associated melanoma (NAM, n=14)). In total, we quantified 7,935 proteins. Despite the genomic and clinical differences of the melanoma subtypes, our analysis revealed relatively similar proteomes, except for the upregulation of proteins involved in immune activation in NM vs AM. Examining NAM versus nevi, we found 1,725 differentially expressed proteins. Among these proteins were 140 that overlapped with cancer hallmarks, tumor suppressors, and regulators of metabolism and cell cycle. Pathway analysis indicated aberrant activation of the RAS/MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways, as well as the Hippo-YAP pathway. Using a classifier, we identified six proteins capable of distinguishing melanoma from nevi samples. Our study represents the first comprehensive comparative analysis of the proteome in melanoma subtypes and associated nevi, offering new insights into the biological behavior of these distinct entities.

2024-01-28 | PXD044107 | Pride

Wnt5A Enhances Resistance of Melanoma Cells to Targeted BRAF Inhibitors

Project description:About half of all melanomas harbor a constitutively active mutant BRAFV600E/K kinase that can be selectively inhibited by targeted BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi). While patients treated with BRAFi initially exhibit measurable clinical improvement, the majority of patients eventually develop drug resistance and relapse. We observe significant elevation of WNT5A in a subset of tumors from patients exhibiting disease progression on BRAFi therapy. WNT5A transcript and protein are also elevated in BRAFi-resistant melanoma cell lines generated by long-term in vitro treatment with BRAFi. RNAi-mediated reduction in levels of endogenous WNT5A in melanoma decreases cell growth, increases apoptosis in response to BRAFi challenge, and decreases the activity of pro-survival AKT signaling. Overexpression of WNT5A conversely promotes melanoma growth and tumorigenesis and activates AKT signaling. Similar to WNT5A knockdown, knockdown of the WNT receptors FZD7 and RYK inhibits growth, sensitizes melanoma cells to BRAFi, and reduces AKT activation. Together, these findings suggest that chronic BRAF inhibition elevates WNT5A expression, which then acts through FZD7 and RYK to promote AKT signaling, leading to increased growth and therapeutic resistance. Increased WNT5A expression in BRAFi-resistant melanomas also correlates with an associated transcriptional signature, which identifies potential therapeutic targets to reduce clinical resistance to BRAFi. Expression of WNT5A-correlated genes was compared in melanoma cell lines generated to be resistant to PLX4032 and the their associated naïve parental line Basal expression of the WNT5A-correlated genes was also measured in experiments comparing each naïve line to a mixed reference pool containing equal amounts of 47 melanoma cell lines.

2014-03-06 | E-GEOD-55583 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcription profiling of human melanomas to identify metastatic potential defined by specific gene expression profiles with no BRAF signature

Project description:The molecular biology of metastatic potential in melanoma has been studied many times previously and changes in the expression of many genes have been linked to metastatic behaviour. What is lacking is a systematic characterization of the regulatory relationships between genes whose expression is related to metastatic potential. Such a characterization would produce a molecular taxonomy for melanoma which could feasibly be used to identify epigenetic mechanisms behind changes in metastatic behaviour. To achieve this we carried out three separate DNA microarray analyses on a total of 86 cultures of melanoma. Significantly, multiple testing correlation revealed that previous reports describing correlations of gene expression with activating mutations in BRAF or NRAS were incorrect and that no gene expression patterns correlate with the mutation status of these MAPK pathway components. Instead, we identified three different sample cohorts (A, B and C) and found that these cohorts represent melanoma groups of differing metastatic potential. Cohorts A and B were susceptible to TGFbeta-mediated inhibition of proliferation and had low motility. Cohort C was resistant to TGFb and demonstrated high motility. Meta-analysis of the data against previous studies linking gene expression and phenotype confirmed that cohorts A and C represent transcription signatures of weakly and strongly metastatic melanomas, respectively. Gene expression co-regulation suggested that signalling via TGFbeta-type and Wnt pathways underwent considerable change between cohorts. These results suggest a model for the transition from weakly to strongly metastatic melanomas in which TGFbeta-type signalling upregulates genes expressing vasculogenic/extracellular matrix remodeling factors and Wnt signal inhibitors, coinciding with a downregulation of genes downstream of Wnt signalling. Experiment Overall Design: In this data set 29 melanoma cultures were analyzed.

2008-06-13 | E-GEOD-4841 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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